ArticleCardiology research and practice2012
Targeting the ACE2 and Apelin Pathways Are Novel Therapies for Heart Failure: Opportunities and Challenges.
Article in Cardiology research and practice, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXXI. Apelin receptor pharmacology in the human cardiovascular system and emerging clinical applications.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Sacubitril/valsartan affects pulmonary arterial pressure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension among PD patients.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Recombinant ACE2 - Opportunities and Challenges in COVID-19 Treatment.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Serum Levels of Apelin in T2DM Patients with Heart Failure.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- ACE2 and Apelin-13: Biomarkers with a Prognostic Value in Congestive Heart Failure.Disease markers · 2021Observational
- The Human Explanted Heart Program: A translational bridge for cardiovascular medicine.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- Reduction of Pulmonary Hypertension After Transition to Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019Article
- Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.Heart failure reviews · 2015Review
- Investigation of changes in apelin receptor mRNA and protein expression in the myocardium and aorta of rats with two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertension.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2015Article
- Apelin beyond kidney failure and hyponatremia: a useful biomarker for cancer disease progression evaluation.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
- ACE2: angiotensin II/angiotensin-(1-7) balance in cardiac and renal injury.Current hypertension reports · 2014Review
- Heart failure 2012.Cardiology research and practice · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang II/Ang 1-7 and the apelin/APJ are two important peptide systems which exert diverse effects on the cardiovascular system. ACE2 is a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) where it metabolizes angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang 1-7, an endogenous antagonist of Ang II. Both the prolonged activation of RAS and the loss of ACE2 can be detrimental as they lead to functional deterioration of the heart and progression of cardiac, renal, and vascular diseases. Recombinant human ACE2 in an animal model of ACE2 knockout mice lowers Ang II. These interactions neutralize the pressor and subpressor pathologic effects of Ang II by producing Ang 1-7 levels in vivo, that might be cardiovascular protective. ACE2 hydrolyzes apelin to Ang II and, therefore, is responsible for the degradation of both peptides. Apelin has emerged as a promising peptide biomarker of heart failure. The serum level of apelin in cardiovascular diseases tends to be decreased. Apelin is recognized as an imperative controller of systemic blood pressure and myocardium contractility. Dysregulation of the apelin/APJ system may be involved in the predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, and enhancing apelin action may have important therapeutic effects.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.