ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2011
Measurement of steroid concentrations in brain tissue: methodological considerations.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
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- An investigation of 2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole, 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole and 2-hydrazinyl-1H-benzimidazole applicability as derivatization reagents for HPLC-HRMS determination of steroid hormones in urine.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Article
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- Hormonal contraceptives during adolescence impact the female brain and behavior in a rat model.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Estrogens and Progestogens in Environmental Waters: Analytical Chemistry and Biosensing Perspectives on Methods, Challenges, and Trends.Analytical chemistry · 2025Review
- Lipopolysaccharide differentially alters systemic and brain glucocorticoid levels in neonatal and adult mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- An Aggressive Interaction Rapidly Increases Brain Androgens in a Male Songbird during the Non-breeding Season.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sex diversity in the 21st century: Concepts, frameworks, and approaches for the future of neuroendocrinology.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- The Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on Myelin in Health and Disease.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2024Review
- Single neonatal estrogen implant sterilizes female animals by decreasing hypothalamic KISS1 expression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Reducing uncertainties in quantitative adverse outcome pathways by analysis of thyroid hormone in the neonatal rat brain.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Urbanization and maternal hormone transfer: Endocrine and morphological phenotypes across ontogenetic stages.General and comparative endocrinology · 2023Article
- Brain and circulating steroids in an electric fish: Relevance for non-breeding aggression.PloS one · 2023Article
- Neurosteroids and early-life programming: An updated perspective.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2022Article
- Preventive Effects of Baclofen but Not Diazepam on Hippocampal Memory and Glucocorticoid Alterations After Prolonged Alcohol Withdrawal in Mice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for High-Neuroanatomical Resolution Quantification of Brain Estradiol Concentrations.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2020Article
- Lithium ion adduction enables UPLC-MS/MS-based analysis of multi-class 3-hydroxyl group-containing keto-steroids.Journal of lipid research · 2020Article
- Measurement of 11-dehydrocorticosterone in mice, rats and songbirds: Effects of age, sex and stress.General and comparative endocrinology · 2019Article
- Pubertal development of estradiol-induced hypothalamic progesterone synthesis.Hormones and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is well recognized that steroids are synthesized de novo in the brain (neurosteroids). In addition, steroids circulating in the blood enter the brain. Steroids play numerous roles in the brain, such as influencing neural development, adult neuroplasticity, behavior, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In order to understand the regulation and functions of steroids in the brain, it is important to directly measure steroid concentrations in brain tissue. In this brief review, we discuss methods for the detection and quantification of steroids in the brain. We concisely present the major advantages and disadvantages of different technical approaches at various experimental stages: euthanasia, tissue collection, steroid extraction, steroid separation, and steroid measurement. We discuss, among other topics, the potential effects of anesthesia and saline perfusion prior to tissue collection; microdissection via Palkovits punch; solid phase extraction; chromatographic separation of steroids; and immunoassays and mass spectrometry for steroid quantification, particularly the use of mass spectrometry for "steroid profiling." Finally, we discuss the interpretation of local steroid concentrations, such as comparing steroid levels in brain tissue with those in the circulation (plasma vs. whole blood samples; total vs. free steroid levels). We also present reference values for a variety of steroids in different brain regions of adult rats. This brief review highlights some of the major methodological considerations at multiple experimental stages and provides a broad framework for designing studies that examine local steroid levels in the brain as well as other steroidogenic tissues, such as thymus, breast, and prostate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.