ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2012
The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov model.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for cost-effectiveness of lifestyle primary preventions for cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: a systematic review.Globalization and health · 2014Pooled it
- Habitual cocoa intake reduces arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women regardless of intake frequency: a randomized parallel-group study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2016Trial
- A Novel Promising Frontier for Human Health: The Beneficial Effects of Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Dark Chocolate: Opportunity for an Alliance between Medical Science and the Food Industry?Frontiers in nutrition · 2017Article
- Reduction in blood pressure and serum lipids by lycosome formulation of dark chocolate and lycopene in prehypertension.Food science & nutrition · 2014Article
- Chocolate--guilty pleasure or healthy supplement?Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2014Review
- Tea and flavonoids: where we are, where to go next.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013Article
- Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2013Review
- (-)-Epicatechin is associated with increased angiogenic and mitochondrial signalling in the hindlimb of rats selectively bred for innate low running capacity.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2013Article
- Natural cocoa ingestion reduced liver damage in mice infected withResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2012Article
- Using digital health technology to evaluate the impact of chocolate on blood pressure: Results from the COCOA-BP study.Cardiovascular digital health journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo model the long term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of daily dark chocolate consumption in a population with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
designBest case scenario analysis using a Markov model.
settingAustralian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study.
participants2013 people with hypertension who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with no history of cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive therapy.
main outcome measuresTreatment effects associated with dark chocolate consumption derived from published meta-analyses were used to determine the absolute number of cardiovascular events with and without treatment. Costs associated with cardiovascular events and treatments were applied to determine the potential amount of funding required for dark chocolate therapy to be considered cost effective.
resultsDaily consumption of dark chocolate (polyphenol content equivalent to 100 g of dark chocolate) can reduce cardiovascular events by 85 (95% confidence interval 60 to 105) per 10,000 population treated over 10 years. $A40 (£25; €31; $42) could be cost effectively spent per person per year on prevention strategies using dark chocolate. These results assume 100% compliance and represent a best case scenario.
conclusionsThe blood pressure and cholesterol lowering effects of dark chocolate consumption are beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular events in a population with metabolic syndrome. Daily dark chocolate consumption could be an effective cardiovascular preventive strategy in this population.
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Registered trials
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