ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2012
Comparing the cohort design and the nested case-control design in the presence of both time-invariant and time-dependent treatment and competing risks: bias and precision.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thiazide Diuretics and the Incidence of Osteoporotic Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Simultaneously Dealing With Immortal Time Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High-Dimensional Propensity Score Approach With a Nested Case-Control Framework in Multiple Sclerosis Research.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Sex-Associated Disparities in Surgical and Percutaneous Management of Aortic Stenosis With Severe Features: Retrospective Analysis From the National Readmission Database.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
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- T-Cell Immune Dysregulation and Mortality in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy in Taiwan.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Antibiotic Exposure, Infection, and the Development of Pediatric Psoriasis: A Nested Case-Control Study.JAMA dermatology · 2016Article
- Article
- Using fractional polynomials to model the effect of cumulative duration of exposure on outcomes: applications to cohort and nested case-control designs.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2014Article
- Risk factors of CVD mortality among the elderly in Beijing, 1992 - 2009: an 18-year cohort study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease mortality among the elderly in Beijing: a competing risk analysis.PloS one · 2014Article
- The impact of statin use on pneumonia risk and outcome: a combined population-based case-control and cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeObservational studies using electronic administrative healthcare databases are often used to estimate the effects of treatments and exposures. Traditionally, a cohort design has been used to estimate these effects, but increasingly, studies are using a nested case-control (NCC) design. The relative statistical efficiency of these two designs has not been examined in detail.
methodsWe used Monte Carlo simulations to compare these two designs in terms of the bias and precision of effect estimates. We examined three different settings: (A) treatment occurred at baseline, and there was a single outcome of interest; (B) treatment was time varying, and there was a single outcome; and C treatment occurred at baseline, and there was a secondary event that competed with the primary event of interest. Comparisons were made of percentage bias, length of 95% confidence interval, and mean squared error (MSE) as a combined measure of bias and precision.
resultsIn Setting A, bias was similar between designs, but the cohort design was more precise and had a lower MSE in all scenarios. In Settings B and C, the cohort design was more precise and had a lower MSE in all scenarios. In both Settings B and C, the NCC design tended to result in estimates with greater bias compared with the cohort design.
conclusionsWe conclude that in a range of settings and scenarios, the cohort design is superior in terms of precision and MSE. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.