ArticlePloS one2012
A comparison of Shiga-toxin 2 bacteriophage from classical enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotypes and the German E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- CommensalAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Polyphosphate Kinase 1 Is a Pathogenesis Determinant in EnterohemorrhagicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Three Dimensional Vero Cell-Platform for Rapid and Sensitive Screening of Shiga-Toxin ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- ProphET, prophage estimation tool: A stand-alone prophage sequence prediction tool with self-updating reference database.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Attack of the clones: whole genome-based characterization of two closely related enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 epidemic lineages.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Non-pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Induction of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Prophage by Abiotic Environmental Stress in Food.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Ouabain Protects Human Renal Cells against the Cytotoxic Effects of Shiga Toxin Type 2 and Subtilase Cytotoxin.Toxins · 2017Article
- Public Health Research Resulting from One of the World's Largest Outbreaks Caused by Entero-HemorrhagicFrontiers in public health · 2017Review
- The Mobilome; A Major Contributor toFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- The Role of the Exo-Xis Region in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Induction of Shiga Toxin-Converting Prophages.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Article
- Coculture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with a Nonpathogenic E. coli Strain Increases Toxin Production and Virulence in a Germfree Mouse Model.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains harbor at least three distinct sequence types of Shiga toxin 2a-converting phages.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- BaeSR, involved in envelope stress response, protects against lysogenic conversion by Shiga toxin 2-encoding phages.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Geographically distinct Escherichia coli O157 isolates differ by lineage, Shiga toxin genotype, and total shiga toxin production.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2015Article
- Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Escherichia coli O104:H4 was associated with a severe foodborne disease outbreak originating in Germany in May 2011. More than 4000 illnesses and 50 deaths were reported. The outbreak strain was a typical enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) that acquired an antibiotic resistance plasmid and a Shiga-toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophage. Based on whole-genome phylogenies, the O104:H4 strain was most closely related to other EAEC strains; however, Stx2-bacteriophage are mobile, and do not necessarily share an evolutionary history with their bacterial host. In this study, we analyzed Stx2-bacteriophage from the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak isolates and compared them to all available Stx2-bacteriophage sequences. We also compared Stx2 production by an E. coli O104:H4 outbreak-associated isolate (ON-2011) to that of E. coli O157:H7 strains EDL933 and Sakai. Among the E. coli Stx2-phage sequences studied, that from O111:H- strain JB1-95 was most closely related phylogenetically to the Stx2-phage from the O104:H4 outbreak isolates. The phylogeny of most other Stx2-phage was largely concordant with their bacterial host genomes. Finally, O104:H4 strain ON-2011 produced less Stx2 than E. coli O157:H7 strains EDL933 and Sakai in culture; however, when mitomycin C was added, ON-2011 produced significantly more toxin than the E. coli O157:H7 strains. The Stx2-phage from the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain and the Stx2-phage from O111:H- strain JB1-95 likely share a common ancestor. Incongruence between the phylogenies of the Stx2-phage and their host genomes suggest the recent Stx2-phage acquisition by E. coli O104:H4. The increase in Stx2-production by ON-2011 following mitomycin C treatment may or may not be related to the high rates of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with the German outbreak strain. Further studies are required to determine whether the elevated Stx2-production levels are due to bacteriophage or E. coli O104:H4 host related factors.
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