ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2012
Gene regulation of UDP-galactose synthesis and transport: potential rate-limiting processes in initiation of milk production in humans.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placement of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device at the Time of Cesarean Delivery and the Effect on Breastfeeding Duration.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2018Trial
- De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Insulin resistance is associated with mammary mitochondrial dysfunction at the onset of human lactation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Short-term modulation of human milk oligosaccharides in plasma and milk by glucose and insulin: insights into postpartum metabolic regulation.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Astral-DIA proteomics and 4D label-free N-glycoproteomics of milk fat globule membrane proteins reveal distinct profiles between yak colostrum and mature milk.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.Science advances · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of Buffalo milk somatic cells reveals metabolomic and immunological transitions during early lactation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Lactation: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in Parous Women.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders · 2025Review
- Causes of Low Milk Supply: The Roles of Estrogens, Progesterone, and Related External Factors.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Decoding glycomics with a suite of methods for differential expression analysis.Cell reports methods · 2023Article
- Using QTL to Identify Genes and Pathways Underlying the Regulation and Production of Milk Components in Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Article
- The Effects of Prenatal Diet on Calf Performance and Perspectives for Fetal Programming Studies: A Meta-Analytical Investigation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Elucidating Human Milk Oligosaccharide biosynthetic genes through network-based multi-omics integration.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Long-term and daily use of molecular hydrogen induces reprogramming of liver metabolism in rats by modulating NADP/NADPH redox pathways.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Novel Insights into the Prognosis and Immunological Value of the SLC35A (Solute Carrier 35A) Family Genes in Human Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Correcting for sparsity and interdependence in glycomics by accounting for glycan biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2021Article
- A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- Study on the Hepatoprotection ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Mucosal Immunity and Liver Metabolism in the Complex Condition of Lactation Insufficiency.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lactose synthesis is believed to be rate limiting for milk production. However, understanding the molecular events controlling lactose synthesis in humans is still rudimentary. We have utilized our established model of the RNA isolated from breast milk fat globule from seven healthy, exclusively breastfeeding women from 6 h to 42 days following delivery to determine the temporal coordination of changes in gene expression in the carbohydrate metabolic processes emphasizing the lactose synthesis pathway in human mammary epithelial cell. We showed that milk lactose concentrations increased from 75 to 200 mM from 6 to 96 h. Milk progesterone concentrations fell by 65% at 24 h and were undetectable by day 3. Milk prolactin peaked at 36 h and then declined progressively afterward. In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged. Gene expression of lactose synthase no. 3 increased 1.7-fold by 96 h, whereas α-lactalbumin did not change over the entire study duration. Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Progesterone withdrawal may be the signal that triggers PRLR signaling via STAT5, which may in turn induce UGP2 and SLC35A2 expression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.