ArticleAnnals of botany2012
Cyanolichens can have both cyanobacteria and green algae in a common layer as major contributors to photosynthesis.
Article in Annals of botany, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bryophyte and lichen biomass and nitrogen fixation in a high elevation cloud forest in Cerro de La Muerte, Costa Rica.Oecologia · 2021Article
- Enhanced culturing techniques for the mycobiont isolated from the lichenMycological progress · 2021Article
- The Microbiomes of Seven Lichen Genera Reveal Host Specificity, a Reduced Core Community and Potential as Source of Antimicrobials.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Non-invasive diagnosis of viability in seeds and lichens by infrared thermography under controlled environmental conditions.Plant methods · 2019Article
- Perspectives on Endosymbiosis in Coralloid Roots: Association of Cycads and Cyanobacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Lichen acclimation to changing environments: Photobiont switching vs. climate-specific uniqueness inEcology and evolution · 2017Article
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- A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · 2014Article
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- Phylogenetic congruence of lichenised fungi and algae is affected by spatial scale and taxonomic diversity.PeerJ · 2014Article
- High photobiont diversity in the common European soil crust lichenBiodiversity and conservation · 2014Article
- Ecophysiology and genetic structure of polar versus temperate populations of the lichen Cetraria aculeata.Oecologia · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCyanolichens are usually stated to be bipartite (mycobiont plus cyanobacterial photobiont). Analyses revealed green algal carbohydrates in supposedly cyanobacterial lichens (in the genera Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Peltigera). Investigations were carried out to determine if both cyanobacteria and green algae were present in these lichens and, if so, what were their roles.
methodsThe types of photobiont present were determined by light and fluorescence microscopy. Small carbohydrates were analysed to detect the presence of green algal metabolites. Thalli were treated with selected strengths of Zn(2+) solutions that stop cyanobacterial but not green algal photosynthesis. CO(2) exchange was measured before and after treatment to determine the contribution of each photobiont to total thallus photosynthesis. Heterocyst frequencies were determined to clarify whether the cyanobacteria were modified for increased nitrogen fixation (high heterocyst frequencies) or were normal, vegetative cells. KEY
resultsSeveral cyanobacterial lichens had green algae present in the photosynthetic layer of the thallus. The presence of the green algal transfer carbohydrate (ribitol) and the incomplete inhibition of thallus photosynthesis upon treatment with Zn(2+) solutions showed that both photobionts contributed to the photosynthesis of the lichen thallus. Low heterocyst frequencies showed that, despite the presence of adjacent green algae, the cyanobacteria were not altered to increase nitrogen fixation.
conclusionsThese cyanobacterial lichens are a tripartite lichen symbiont combination in which the mycobiont has two primarily photosynthetic photobionts, 'co-primary photobionts', a cyanobacterium (dominant) and a green alga. This demonstrates high flexibility in photobiont choice by the mycobiont in the Peltigerales. Overall thallus appearance does not change whether one or two photobionts are present in the cyanobacterial thallus. This suggests that, if there is a photobiont effect on thallus structure, it is not specific to one or the other photobiont.
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