ArticleJournal of autoimmunity2012
Pathogenesis of NOD diabetes is initiated by reactivity to the insulin B chain 9-23 epitope and involves functional epitope spreading.
Article in Journal of autoimmunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kupffer cells are key mediators of antigen-specific immune tolerance by peptide-coupled red blood cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Beyond Sequence: Posttranslational Remodeling of Antigens in Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Hybrid Insulin Peptides as Antigens and Tolerogens for Pathogenic T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific immunotherapy with a CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- STING/type I interferon pathway is required for antigen-containing PLGA nanoparticle- and apoptotic cell-induced CD4+ T cell tolerance.Science advances · 2026Article
- De novo identification of CD4Nature methods · 2024Article
- Autoimmune diseases: targets, biology, and drug discovery.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Article
- Antigen-specific T cell responses in autoimmune diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cell and biomaterial delivery strategies to induce immune tolerance.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Vaccines for immune tolerance against autoimmune disease.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Molecular metabolism · 2023Review
- Immunoinformatic Risk Assessment of Host Cell Proteins During Process Development for Biologic Therapeutics.The AAPS journal · 2023Review
- Advanced Delivery Strategies for Immunotherapy in Type I Diabetes Mellitus.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- Particle-Based therapies for antigen specific treatment of type 1 diabetes.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Tolerogenic Immune-Modifying Nanoparticles Encapsulating Multiple Recombinant Pancreatic β Cell Proteins Prevent Onset and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Review
- Tolerogenic Delivery of a Hybrid Insulin Peptide Markedly Prolongs Islet Graft Survival in the NOD Mouse.Diabetes · 2022Article
- Autoreactive T cell receptors with shared germline-like α chains in type 1 diabetes.JCI insight · 2021Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mediated by destruction of pancreatic β-cells by CD4 and CD8 T cells specific for epitopes on numerous diabetogenic autoantigens resulting in loss of glucose homeostasis. Employing antigen-specific tolerance induced by i.v. administration of syngeneic splenocytes ECDI cross-linked to various diabetogenic antigens/epitopes (Ag-SP), we show that epitope spreading plays a functional role in the pathogenesis of T1D in NOD mice. Specifically, Ag-SP coupled with intact insulin, Ins B(9-23) or Ins B(15-23), but not GAD65(509-528), GAD65(524-543) or IGRP(206-214), protected 4-6 week old NOD mice from the eventual development of clinical disease; infiltration of immune cells to the pancreatic islets; and blocked the induction of DTH responses in a Treg-dependent, antigen-specific manner. However, tolerance induction in 19-21 week old NOD mice was effectively accomplished only by Ins-SP, suggesting Ins B(9-23) is a dominant initiating epitope, but autoimmune responses to insulin epitope(s) distinct from Ins B(9-23) emerge during disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.