ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Akt1 and Akt2 protein kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 339 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
339 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 599 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-associated kinase signaling in atherosclerosis - a systematic review.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Pooled it
- Interplay of autophagy and Th1/Th2-mediated macrophage polarization in host-pathogen dynamics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Resveratrol for inflammatory bowel disease in preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Targeting USP47 reprograms macrophage polarization to ameliorate septic peritonitis and promote cutaneous wound healing.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS2) Expression in Healthy and Inflamed Bowel: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting of the Macrophage Metabolic-Epigenetic Interaction Network in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- The regulatory role of post-translational modifications in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- A genome-wide CRISPR screen defines host determinants of earlyInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Tri-modal nanocatalytic microenvironment regulations for macrophage reprogramming and osteoporotic fracture healing promotion.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Chronic Sleep Disturbance Enhances Inflammation and Collagen Production in Neural- and Myofascial Tissues in Uninjured Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beta cell microRNAs function as molecular hubs of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and as biomarkers of diabetes risk.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Lipid Metabolic Disorders: a Pivotal Driver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Hematopoiesis could be improved by correcting aberrant bone marrow macrophages polarization in aplastic anemia patients.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Protein kinase B is involved in bisphenol A-induced macrophage polarization through mechanistic target of rapamycin-dependent autophagy.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Hypoxia-preconditioned gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium accelerates burn wound healing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A genome-wide CRISPR screen defines host determinants of earlybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CFIm25-dependent alternative polyadenylation in AKT2 mRNA programs macrophage polarization.iScience · 2026Article
- Effect of PI3K-p110α Inhibitor Alpelisib in the Differentiation and Effector Functions of M-CSF and GM-CSF Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Resolvin D5 Inhibits CXCL8 Expression in Colonic Epithelial Cells Through Activating GPR101 to Impede Neutrophil Recruitment and Consequently Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization, with Akt1 ablation giving rise to an M1 and Akt2 ablation resulting in an M2 phenotype. Accordingly, Akt2(-/-) mice were more resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock and to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis than wild-type mice, whereas Akt1(-/-) mice were more sensitive. Cell depletion and reconstitution experiments in a DSS-induced colitis model confirmed that the effect was macrophage-dependent. Gene-silencing studies showed that the M2 phenotype of Akt2(-/-) macrophages was cell autonomous. The microRNA miR-155, whose expression was repressed in naive and in LPS-stimulated Akt2(-/-) macrophages, and its target C/EBPβ appear to play a key role in this process. C/EBPβ, a hallmark of M2 macrophages that regulates Arg1, was up-regulated upon Akt2 ablation or silencing. Overexpression or silencing of miR-155 confirmed its central role in Akt isoform-dependent M1/M2 polarization of macrophages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.