ArticleBMC public health2012
Women show a closer association between educational level and hypertension or diabetes mellitus than males: a secondary analysis from the Austrian HIS.
Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- High prevalence of obesity-related hypertension among adults aged 40 to 79 years in Southwest China.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus - Clinical recommendations (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Social inequalities in diabetes incidence and quality of care: results from a cohort study in the Lazio region, Italy.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Assessing the relationship between sex, gender, and hypertension: A federated analysis of European and Canadian Public Health Surveys.Medicine · 2025Article
- Structural analysis of social behavior: Using cluster analysis to examine personality profile associated with diabetes onset.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among clients seeking care at Selected Healthcare Facilities in Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of Gender on Chronic Complications in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- Impact of Social Vulnerability on Diabetes-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among women in low and middle income countries: findings from 52 nationally representative data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Investigation on risk factors of chronic diseases among community residents: A study based on health management systems supported by Mobile phones.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Need for improving immunization status and preventive care in diabetes mellitus patients.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Trends in diabetes incidence in Austria 2013-2017.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Steady increase of obesity prevalence in Austria: Analysis of three representative cross-sectional national health interview surveys from 2006 to 2019.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus-clinical recommendations (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Determinants of self-reported hypertension among women in South Africa: evidence from the population-based survey.Clinical hypertension · 2022Article
- Influence of Gender in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Correlates of blood pressure and blood glucose screenings in Cameroon: insights from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey.International health · 2022Article
- Development and validation of prediction models for hypertension risks: A cross-sectional study based on 4,287,407 participants.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLifestyle diseases and cardiovascular complications are dramatically increasing, but little is known about the impact of educational level and health behaviour in men and women in different populations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between educational level (EL) and self-reported chronic diseases and health behaviour in both sexes.
methodsData were derived from the Austrian Health Interview Surveys 2006/2007, which includes 13 558 persons (50.9% females). The associations between EL and the risk of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke and anxiety disorders or depression, nutrition, exercise, and smoking were evaluated. University education served as the reference category (EL4), the lowest educational level was required schooling only (EL0).
resultsOnly among women did the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension increase with decreasing educational level with the highest rates for EL0 OR [95% CI] adjusted for age, income, family status and lifestyle: 3.7 [1.7-8.0], and 2.5 [1.8-3.5], respectively. Only among the men, however, did the risk for stroke increase with decreasing educational level adjusted OR for EL0: 8.5 [1.7-42.7]. For anthropometric measures and lifestyle factors in both sexes the risk increased with decreasing EL.
conclusionEL affects lifestyle, overweight and obesity in both sexes. The apparent sex-specific differences in the association between the prevalence of some chronic disease with EL call for further investigation.
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