ArticleNutrition and cancer2012
Interaction of nitrate and folate on the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
Article in Nutrition and cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- Human health risk assessment of nitrate in repeatedly boiled water using Univariate regression and Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nitrites and nitrates from food additives and natural sources and cancer risk: results from the NutriNet-Santé cohort.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Impact of residential mobility on estimated environmental exposures in a prospective cohort of older women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Multiple exposure to environmental factors and variations in CYP27B1 and the microRNA-binding site of IL-13 are associated with breast cancer risk.Cancer medicine · 2019Article
- Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Re-evaluation of sodium nitrate (E 251) and potassium nitrate (E 252) as food additives.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Re-evaluation of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) as food additives.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Ingested Nitrate and Breast Cancer in the Spanish Multicase-Control Study on Cancer (MCC-Spain).Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Red and processed meat, nitrite, and heme iron intakes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.International journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Nitrate and nitrite ingestion and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa.International journal of cancer · 2015Article
- Plasma homocysteine levels and genetic polymorphisms in folate metablism are associated with breast cancer risk in chinese women.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2014Article
- The effect of folic Acid on menopausal hot flashes: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of caring sciences · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ingested nitrate can be endogenously reduced to nitrite, which may form N-nitroso compounds, known potent carcinogens. However, some studies have reported no or inverse associations between dietary nitrate intake and cancer risk. These associations may be confounded by a protective effect of folate, which plays a vital role in DNA repair. We evaluated the interaction of dietary and water nitrate intake with total folate intake on breast cancer risk in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Dietary intake was assessed at study baseline. Nitrate intake from public water was assessed using a historical database on Iowa municipal water supplies. After baseline exclusions, 34,388 postmenopausal women and 2,875 incident breast cancers were included. Overall, neither dietary nor water nitrate was associated with breast cancer risk. Among those with folate intake ≥400 μg/day, breast cancer risk was significantly increased in public water users with the highest nitrate quintile (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05-1.87) and private well users (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05-1.82) compared to public water users with the lowest nitrate quintile; in contrast, there was no association among those with lower folate intake. Our findings do not support a previous report of increased risk of breast cancer among individuals with high dietary nitrate but low folate intake.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.