ArticleBMC gastroenterology2012
Hormone replacement therapy is associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-week clinical responses to dexlansoprazole 60 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg for the treatment of grades A and B gastroesophageal reflux disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Trial
- Unexpected resolution of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease with testosterone replacement therapy.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: The Impact of Obesity.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Association between menopause, postmenopausal hormone therapy and peptic ulcer disease in Taiwanese population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences feed into nuclear receptor signaling along the digestive tract.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- Is Estrogen a Curse or a Blessing in Disguise? Role of Estrogen in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.Cureus · 2020Review
- Bochdalek hernia masquerading as severe acute pancreatitis during the third trimester of pregnancy: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Impact of obesity treatment on gastroesophageal reflux disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Association between circulating levels of sex steroid hormones and Barrett's esophagus in men: a case-control analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOestrogen and progestogen have the potential to influence gastro-intestinal motility; both are key components of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Results of observational studies in women taking HRT rely on self-reporting of gastro-oesophageal symptoms and the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) remains unclear. This study investigated the association between HRT and GORD in menopausal women using validated general practice records.
methods51,182 menopausal women were identified using the UK General Practice Research Database between 1995-2004. Of these, 8,831 were matched with and without hormone use. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for GORD and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use in hormone and non-hormone users, adjusting for age, co-morbidities, and co-pharmacy.
resultsIn unadjusted analysis, all forms of hormone use (oestrogen-only, tibolone, combined HRT and progestogen) were statistically significantly associated with GORD. In adjusted models, this association remained statistically significant for oestrogen-only treatment (OR 1.49; 1.18-1.89). Unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between PPI use and oestrogen-only and combined HRT treatment. When adjusted for covariates, oestrogen-only treatment was significant (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.74). Findings from the adjusted model demonstrated the greater use of PPI by progestogen users (OR 1.50; 1.01-2.22).
conclusionsThis first large cohort study of the association between GORD and HRT found a statistically significant association between oestrogen-only hormone and GORD and PPI use. This should be further investigated using prospective follow-up to validate the strength of association and describe its clinical significance.
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