ArticleThe Psychiatric clinics of North America2012
The genetic basis of addictive disorders.
Article in The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic susceptibility to caffeine intake and metabolism: a systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic basis of cannabis use: a systematic review.BMC medical genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Different biases in meta-analyses of case-control and cohort studies: an example from genomics and precision medicine.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Genetics of methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of gene association studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Polygenic Gene-Environment Interaction in Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cannabis Use.Behavior genetics · 2019Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Exploring the Role of Alcohol Metabolizing Genotypes in a 12-Week Clinical Trial of Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorder.Biomolecules · 2021Trial
- Differences in subjective response to alcohol in heavy- and light-drinking Chinese men versus Caucasian American men.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2015Trial
- Genetic mapping in collaborative cross mouse strains identifies loci that affect initial sensitivity to cocaine.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Large-scale behavioral characterization of oxycodone self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats reveals initial analgesic effects are associated with addiction-like behaviors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Fronto-striatal neurometabolite signatures of impulsivity in early abstinence from methamphetamine.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Addiction spectrum disorder: a conceptual framework for comprehensive understanding of addictive disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Review
- Comprehensive examination of demographic, psychological, cognitive, biochemical, and genetic profiles of methamphetamine addicts.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Associations between cannabis use frequency and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A clinical longitudinal sibling study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Pathways from Childhood Adversity to Substance Use in Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Exercise: Associations With Addiction.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Polygenic Risk for Substance Use Disorders as Predictors of Substance Use Initiation Among African American Youth.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Validation studies and multiomics analysis of Zhx2 as a candidate quantitative trait gene underlying brain oxycodone metabolite (oxymorphone) levels and behavior.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Addictions are common, chronic, and relapsing diseases that develop through a multistep process. The impact of addictions on morbidity and mortality is high worldwide. Twin studies have shown that the heritability of addictions ranges from 0.39 (hallucinogens) to 0.72 (cocaine). Twin studies indicate that genes influence each stage from initiation to addiction, although the genetic determinants may differ. Addictions are by definition the result of gene × environment interaction. These disorders, which are in part volitional, in part inborn, and in part determined by environmental experience, pose the full range of medical, genetic, policy, and moral challenges. Gene discovery is being facilitated by a variety of powerful approaches, but is in its infancy. It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control). Addiction medicine today benefits from genetic studies that buttress the case for a neurobiologic origin of addictive behavior, and some general information on familially transmitted propensity that can be used to guide prevention. A few well-validated, specific predictors such as OPRM1, ADH1B, ALDH2, CHRNA5, and CYP26 have been identified and can provide some specific guidance, for example, to understand alcohol-related flushing and upper GI cancer risk (ADH1B and AKLDH2), variation in nicotine metabolism (CYP26), and, potentially, naltrexone treatment response (OPRM1). However, the genetic predictors available are few in number and account for only a small portion of the genetic variance in liability, and have not been integrated into clinical nosology or care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.