ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2012
An ancient history of gene duplications, fusions and losses in the evolution of APOBEC3 mutators in mammals.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Deciphering APOBEC1 in Avians: unravelling loss events and functional insights.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Characterization of the urinary DNA virome of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient and healthy cynomolgus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exon Targeted Retrieval and Classification Toolbox (ExTRaCT): a gene search pipeline to find APOBEC3 Z-domains in novel bat genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the APOBEC3 footprint across the Anelloviridae family.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of APOBEC3 Packaging into HIV-1.Viruses · 2026Review
- Evolutionary characterization of antiviral SAMD9/9L across kingdoms supports ancient convergence and lineage-specific adaptations.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- HIV-1 latency: From acquaintance to confidant.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Review
- Ancient convergence with prokaryote defense and recent adaptations to lentiviruses in primates characterize the ancestral immune factors SAMD9s.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- ADAR1 could be a potential diagnostic target for intrauterine infection patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Monitoring APOBEC3A protein levels in human cancer cells.Methods in cell biology · 2024Article
- Engineered deaminases as a key component of DNA and RNA editing tools.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- APOBEC3 deaminase editing in mpox virus as evidence for sustained human transmission since at least 2016.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The roles of nucleic acid editing in adaptation of zoonotic viruses to humans.Current opinion in virology · 2023Review
- A Long-Running Arms Race betweenJournal of virology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- The coevolution between APOBEC3 and retrotransposons in primates.Mobile DNA · 2022Review
- Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe APOBEC3 (A3) genes play a key role in innate antiviral defense in mammals by introducing directed mutations in the DNA. The human genome encodes for seven A3 genes, with multiple splice alternatives. Different A3 proteins display different substrate specificity, but the very basic question on how discerning self from non-self still remains unresolved. Further, the expression of A3 activity/ies shapes the way both viral and host genomes evolve.
resultsWe present here a detailed temporal analysis of the origin and expansion of the A3 repertoire in mammals. Our data support an evolutionary scenario where the genome of the mammalian ancestor encoded for at least one ancestral A3 gene, and where the genome of the ancestor of placental mammals (and possibly of the ancestor of all mammals) already encoded for an A3Z1-A3Z2-A3Z3 arrangement. Duplication events of the A3 genes have occurred independently in different lineages: humans, cats and horses. In all of them, gene duplication has resulted in changes in enzyme activity and/or substrate specificity, in a paradigmatic example of convergent adaptive evolution at the genomic level. Finally, our results show that evolutionary rates for the three A3Z1, A3Z2 and A3Z3 motifs have significantly decreased in the last 100 Mya. The analysis constitutes a textbook example of the evolution of a gene locus by duplication and sub/neofunctionalization in the context of virus-host arms race.
conclusionsOur results provide a time framework for identifying ancestral and derived genomic arrangements in the APOBEC loci, and to date the expansion of this gene family for different lineages through time, as a response to changes in viral/retroviral/retrotransposon pressure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.