ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2013
Breast milk fatty acid composition differs between overweight and normal weight women: the STEPS Study.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the relationship between the nutrient intake of lactating women and their breast milk nutritional profile: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Human Milk Lipid Profiles around the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of maternal obesity on human milk macronutrient composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- The association between psychological factors and breastfeeding behaviour in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg mObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2018Pooled it
- Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and alkyl-diacylglycerols: minor but bioactive components in human milk.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Maternal exercise during lactation remodels obesity-associated mammary metabolism and milk fatty acids, enhancing offspring lipid oxidation.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Refractive index of milk fat globules and extracellular vesicles in human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Accelerated early weight gain of neonatal puppies from overweight bitches compared to lean dams in spite of similar milk macronutrient composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Adiposity-dependent adipokine-immunoglobulin interplay in mature breast milk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- The multifaceted roles of fatty acids and their dysregulation in obese mothers: potential implications for infant development.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Paired versus alternate breastfeeding: Does hindmilk become foremilk?Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Maternal adiposity moderates associations between dietary, serum, and human milk n-3 and n-6 PUFA.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with human milk metabolomic profiles in a rural North American cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Untargeted metabolomic analysis of human milk from healthy mothers reveals drivers of metabolite variability.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations of breastfeeding duration with serum lipid values from infancy until age 20 years - the STRIP study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Lactating Women Living in Poland-A Comparison with the Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe studied differences in breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition between overweight and normal weight women and the effect of FA composition on children's cholesterol concentrations at 13 months and growth from birth to 13 months.
methodsSamples were collected from lactating women (n = 100) participating in STEPS study at infant's age of 3 months, and FA composition was analyzed with gas chromatography. Diet of mother was studied with Index of Diet Quality at third trimester of pregnancy and with food frequency questionnaire on sampling day. The children's weights and heights were collected from hospital records at birth and during study visits at 13 months.
resultsOverweight women's breast milk compared to normal weight women's breast milk contained higher amount of saturated FAs (46.3 vs. 43.6 %, P = 0.012), lower amount of n-3FAs (2.2 vs. 2.7 %, P = 0.010), lower ratio of unsaturated to saturated FAs (1.1 vs. 1.3, P = 0.008), and higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 FAs (5.7 vs. 4.9, P = 0.031) than those of normal weight women even after adjusting for maternal diet (P < 0.05 for all). Normal weight women adhered more to dietary recommendations during pregnancy, whereas no differences were found in diet at sampling 3 months postpartum. The children's weight gains correlated with saturated FAs (R = 0.22, P = 0.04) and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated FAs (R = -0.23, P = 0.038) in milk; however, effects diminished after adjusting for total duration of breastfeeding. Milk FA composition was not associated with children's cholesterol concentrations at 13 months.
conclusionsBreast milk FA composition differed between overweight and normal weight women.
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Registered trials
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