ArticleCritical care medicine2012
Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells.
Article in Critical care medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium Signaling Dysregulation as a Convergent Mechanism in Anesthetic-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Bioengineered human brain organoids and organ-on-chip platforms for exposure-aware assessment of developmental neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics and sedatives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Neuropsychiatric Effects of Subanesthetic Ketamine Exposure in Pregnant Mice and Their Offspring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Ketamine Prevents Inflammation-Induced Reduction of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting the Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Very Low-Dose Sublingual Ketamine for Borderline Personality Disorder and Treatment-Resistant Depression.Cureus · 2024Article
- Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Article
- Prenatal Exposure to General Anesthesia Drug Esketamine Impaired Neurobehavior in Offspring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Nonapoptotic caspases in neural development and in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.Trends in neurosciences · 2022Review
- Rapid-acting antidepressants and the circadian clock.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Early Developmental PMCA2b Expression Protects From Ketamine-Induced Apoptosis and GABA Impairments in Differentiating Hippocampal Progenitor Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neonatal Anesthesia by Ketamine in Neonatal Rats Inhibits the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Decreases Neurocognitive Function in Adulthood via Inhibition of the Notch1 Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of the Rapid Effects of Ketamine on Depression and Sleep Disturbances: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Ketamine-Induced Disruption of the Proliferation and Differentiation of Developing Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Effects of Maternal Abdominal Surgery on Fetal Brain Development in the Rabbit Model.Fetal diagnosis and therapy · 2021Article
- Ketamine promotes the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating mTOR.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Clozapine protects adult neural stem cells from ketamine-induced cell death in correlation with decreased apoptosis and autophagy.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- General Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Immature Brain: Reevaluating the Confounding Factors in the Preclinical Studies.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Ketamine on the Developing Brain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Streptozotocin Impairs Proliferation and Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem CellsFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- The Effects of Different Factors on the Behavior of Neural Stem Cells.Stem cells international · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHigh doses or prolonged exposure to ketamine increase neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain, although effects on neural stem progenitor cells remain unexplored. This study investigated dose- and time-dependent responses to ketamine on cell death and neurogenesis in cultured rat fetal cortical neural stem progenitor cells.
designLaboratory-based study.
settingUniversity research laboratory. SUBJECT: Sprague-Dawley rats.
interventionsNeural stem progenitor cells were isolated from the cortex of Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses on embryonic day 17. In dose-response experiments, cultured neural stem progenitor cells were exposed to different concentrations of ketamine (0-100 µM) for 24 hrs. In time-course experiments, neural stem progenitor cells cultures were exposed to 10 µM ketamine for different durations (0-48 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsApoptosis and necrosis in neural stem progenitor cells were assessed using activated caspase-3 immunostaining and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Proliferative changes in neural stem progenitor cells were detected using bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation and Ki67 immunostaining. Neuronal differentiation was assessed using Tuj-1 immunostaining. Cultured neural stem progenitor cells were resistant to apoptosis and necrosis following all concentrations and durations of ketamine exposure tested. Ketamine inhibited proliferation with decreased numbers of bromo-deoxyuridine-positive cells following ketamine exposure to 100 µM for 24 hrs (p<.005) or 10 µM for 48 hrs (p< .01), and reduced numbers of Ki67-positive cells following exposure to ketamine concentration>10 µM for 24 hrs (p<.001) or at 10 µM for 48 hrs (p<.01). Ketamine enhanced neuronal differentiation, with all ketamine concentrations increasing Tuj-1-positive neurons (p<.001) after 24-hrs of exposure. This also occurred with all exposures to 10 µM ketamine for >8 hrs (p<.001).
conclusionsClinically relevant concentrations of ketamine do not induce cell death in neural stem progenitor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. Ketamine alters the proliferation and increases the neuronal differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells isolated from the rat neocortex. These studies imply that ketamine exposure during fetal or neonatal life may alter neurogenesis and subsequent brain development.
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