ArticleBMC veterinary research2012
Evaluation of expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, platelet derived growth factor receptors-alpha and -beta, KIT, and RET in canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and thyroid carcinoma.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative genomic and clinicopathological analysis uncovers contrasting molecular profiles of canine and human thyroid carcinomas.Communications biology · 2025Article
- PDGFRβ Expression Across Canine AGASAC Subtypes and Metastases: Morphologic Insights and Possible Therapeutic Implications.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- CD117 (KIT) in canine soft tissue sarcoma: an immunohistochemical and c-kit gene mutation assessment.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Is There Anything New in Canine AGASACA?Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Immunohistochemistry Screening of Different Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Canine Solid Tumors-Part I: Proposal of a Receptor Panel to Predict Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Radiotherapy for Canine Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma: Survival Outcomes and Side Effects of a Palliative Treatment Protocol of 20 Gy in Five Consecutive Fractions.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) use in the treatment of feline pancreatic carcinoma.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Hypofractionated radiation therapy of a thyroid tumor in a pet raccoon (The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Long-term survival in a dog with primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor treated with toceranib phosphate.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Characterization of receptor tyrosine kinase activation and biological activity of toceranib phosphate in canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- C-kit, flt-3, PDGFR-β, and VEGFR2 expression in canine adrenal tumors and correlation with outcome following adrenalectomy.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2021Article
- Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) for the treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Assessment of postoperative adjuvant treatment using toceranib phosphate against adenocarcinoma in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Long-term clinical control of feline pancreatic carcinoma with toceranib phosphate.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2018Article
- Antiproliferative effects of masitinib and imatinib against canine oral fibrosarcoma in vitro.BMC veterinary research · 2016Article
- Immunogenicity and safety of xenogeneic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 DNA vaccination in mice and dogs.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma tyrosine kinase receptor expression and phosphorylation.BMC veterinary research · 2014Article
- Angiogenesis in spontaneous tumors and implications for comparative tumor biology.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToceranib phosphate (Palladia) has a reported objective response rate of 25% in both canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), with stable disease occurring in an additional 50-60% of dogs. The basis for the observed responses to toceranib is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate AGASACA and TC samples for the expression and activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, KIT and RET to assess whether dysregulation of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) may contribute to the biologic activity of toceranib.
resultsmRNA for VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, KIT and RET was detected in all AGASACA samples. mRNA for VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, and KIT was detected in all TC samples, while mRNA for RET was amplified in 10/15 samples. No phosphorylation of VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, or KIT was observed on the arrays. However, phosphorylation of RET was detected in 54% of the primary AGASACA and 20% of TC. VEGFR2 was expressed in 19/24 primary and 6/10 metastatic AGASACA and 6/15 TC samples. KIT was present in 8/24 primary and 3/10 metastatic AGASACA and 9/15 TC samples. PDGFRα expression was noted in all tumor samples. In contrast PDGFRβ expression was found in only a few tumor samples but was evident in the stroma of all tumor specimens.
conclusionsKnown targets of toceranib are expressed in both AGASAC and TC. Given the observed expression of VEGFR and PDGFRα/β and phosphorylation of RET, these RTKs merit investigation as to their roles in the biology of AGSACA and TC and their contribution to toceranib's activity.
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