ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2012
Rhabdom evolution in butterflies: insights from the uniquely tiered and heterogeneous ommatidia of the Glacial Apollo butterfly, Parnassius glacialis.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular innovations and diversity in the lepidopteran compound eye.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Review
- Insect visual sensitivity to long wavelengths enhances colour contrast of insects against vegetation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Divergence in cryptic leaf colour provides local camouflage in an alpine plant.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
- Physiological basis of phototaxis to near-infrared light in Nephotettix cincticeps.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2014Article
- Diversity of the photoreceptors and spectral opponency in the compound eye of the Golden Birdwing, Troides aeacus formosanus.PloS one · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
The eye of the Glacial Apollo butterfly, Parnassius glacialis, a 'living fossil' species of the family Papilionidae, contains three types of spectrally heterogeneous ommatidia. Electron microscopy reveals that the Apollo rhabdom is tiered. The distal tier is composed exclusively of photoreceptors expressing opsins of ultraviolet or blue-absorbing visual pigments, and the proximal tier consists of photoreceptors expressing opsins of green or red-absorbing visual pigments. This organization is unique because the distal tier of other known butterflies contains two green-sensitive photoreceptors, which probably function in improving spatial and/or motion vision. Interspecific comparison suggests that the Apollo rhabdom retains an ancestral tiered pattern with some modification to enhance its colour vision towards the long-wavelength region of the spectrum.
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