ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2012
Fatty acid composition in the mature milk of Bolivian forager-horticulturalists: controlled comparisons with a US sample.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04317638 (Lipid Profile of Full-term Infants on Different Feeding Regimen), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lipid Profile of Full-term Infants on Different Feeding Regimen: a Comparative Study
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- The gut microbiota of Indigenous populations in the context of dietary westernization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Temporal Changes in Breast Milk Fatty Acids Contents: A Case Study of Malay Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Comparative analysis of milk and brain fatty acids reveals human-specific signatures in brain development.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Not All Stress Is the Same: Variable Associations Between Psychosocial Stressors and Urinary Cortisol Rhythms in a Small-Scale Subsistence Society.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Arterial Stiffness in Heart-Healthy Indigenous Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Saturated fat in an evolutionary context.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Review
- Review
- Effects of dietary PUFA patterns and FADS genotype on breast milk PUFAs in Chinese lactating mothers.Genes & nutrition · 2023Article
- The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense!Hormones and behavior · 2023Review
- The Impact of Linoleic Acid on Infant Health in the Absence or Presence of DHA in Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Changes in Human Milk Fat Globule Composition Throughout Lactation: A Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Macronutrient content and fatty acid composition and their positional distribution in human breast milk from Zhejiang Province, China in different lactation periods.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High Systemic Inflammation.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Was facial width-to-height ratio subject to sexual selection pressures? A life course approach.PloS one · 2021Article
- Chinese Breast Milk Fat Composition and Its Associated Dietary Factors: A Pilot Study on Lactating Mothers in Beijing.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Rapidly declining body temperature in a tropical human population.Science advances · 2020Article
- The Influence of Markets on the Nutrition Transition of Hunter-Gatherers: Lessons from the Western Amazon.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition varies greatly among individual women, including in percentages of the long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFA) 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), which are important for infant neurological development. It has been suggested that owing to wide variation in milk LCPUFA and low DHA in Western diets, standards of milk FA composition should be derived from populations consuming traditional diets. We collected breast milk samples from Tsimane women at varying lactational stages (6-82 weeks). The Tsimane are an indigenous, natural fertility, subsistence-level population living in Amazonia Bolivia. Tsimane samples were matched by lactational stage to samples from a US milk bank, and analysed concurrently for FA composition by gas-liquid chromatography. We compared milk FA composition between Tsimane (n = 35) and US (n = 35) mothers, focusing on differences in LCPUFA percentages that may be due to population-typical dietary patterns. Per total FAs, the percentages of AA, DHA, total n-3 and total n-6 LCPUFA were significantly higher among Tsimane mothers. Mean percentages of 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) and trans FAs were significantly higher among US mothers. Tsimane mothers' higher milk n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA percentages may be due to their regular consumption of wild game and freshwater fish, as well as comparatively lower intakes of processed foods and oils that may interfere with LCPUFA synthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.