ArticlePloS one2012
Diverse temperate bacteriophage carriage in Clostridium difficile 027 strains.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Genomic diversity and clade clustering ofiScience · 2026Article
- Genomic and physiochemical characterization of two lysogenic bacteriophages, ΦCP5(17) and ΦCP17(i), infecting Clostridium perfringens.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of prophage elements inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Insight into the Mechanism of Lysogeny Control of phiCDKH01 Bacteriophage Infecting Clinical Isolate ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Diverse Prophage Elements ofCells · 2024Article
- Novel insights into phage biology of the pathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Biofilm Formation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Novel ribotype/sequence type associations and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems in environmental Clostridioides difficile strains from northern Iraq.FEMS microbiology letters · 2023Article
- The long and sinuous road to phage-based therapy ofFrontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Diversity, Dynamics and Therapeutic Application ofViruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Clostridioides difficile phage biology and application.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Diversity and characterization of temperate bacteriophages induced in Pasteurella multocida from different host species.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Clostridioides difficile LuxS mediates inter-bacterial interactions within biofilms.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Characterization of Listeria prophages in lysogenic isolates from foods and food processing environments.PloS one · 2019Article
- Bacteriophages are more virulent to bacteria with human cells than they are in bacterial culture; insights from HT-29 cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- High Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Large phiCD211 (phiCDIF1296T)-Like Prophages in Clostridioides difficile.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting Clinical Isolates ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Use of single molecule sequencing for comparative genomics of an environmental and a clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile ribotype 078.BMC genomics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe hypervirulent Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 can be classified into subtypes, but it unknown if these differ in terms of severity of C. difficile infection (CDI). Genomic studies of C. difficile 027 strains have established that they are rich in mobile genetic elements including prophages. This study combined physiological studies, electron microscopy analysis and molecular biology to determine the potential role of temperate bacteriophages in disease and diversity of C. difficile 027. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe induced prophages from 91 clinical C. difficile 027 isolates and used transmission electron microscopy and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterise the bacteriophages present. We established a correlation between phage morphology and subtype. Morphologically distinct tailed bacteriophages belonging to Myoviridae and Siphoviridae were identified in 63 and three isolates, respectively. Dual phage carriage was observed in four isolates. In addition, there were inducible phage tail-like particles (PT-LPs) in all isolates. The capacity of two antibiotics mitomycin C and norfloxacin to induce prophages was compared and it was shown that they induced specific prophages from C. difficile isolates. A PCR assay targeting the capsid gene of the myoviruses was designed to examine molecular diversity of C. difficile myoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid gene sequences from eight ribotypes showed that all sequences found in the ribotype 027 isolates were identical and distinct from other C. difficile ribotypes and other bacteria species. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: A diverse set of temperate bacteriophages are associated with C. difficile 027. The observed correlation between phage carriage and the subtypes suggests that temperate bacteriophages contribute to the diversity of C. difficile 027 and may play a role in severity of disease associated with this ribotype. The capsid gene can be used as a tool to identify C. difficile myoviruses present within bacterial genomes.
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