ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs2012
Multilevel interventions: study design and analysis issues.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placebo effects in alternative medical treatments for anxiety: false hope or healing potential?CNS spectrums · 2025Trial
- Understanding regulatory, structural, and relational barriers to offering accessible veterinary care: Results from a qualitative study of Canadian care providers.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Article
- Characteristics and effectiveness of maternal health interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of syphilis in a global setting: a scoping review using Intervention Mapping as a framework.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Results from a maternal, newborn and child health program targeting pregnant, married adolescent girls in northern Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Design of a cluster randomized multi-level intervention to decrease barriers to minority cancer patient referral and enrollment to cancer clinical trials: The ACT WONDERContemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Multilevel Interventions Aimed at Improving HPV Immunization Coverage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2025Review
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- Article
- Barriers and facilitators to utilizing HIV prevention and treatment services among migrant youth globally: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Service delivery interventions to improve maternal and newborn health in low- and middle-income countries: scoping review of quality improvement, implementation research and health system strengthening approaches.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Eight characteristics of rigorous multilevel implementation research: a step-by-step guide.Implementation science : IS · 2023Article
- Considering context in area-level socioeconomic status, cancer treatment initiation, and survival.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2023Article
- Multilevel interventions as climate change adaptation response to protect maternal and child health: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Short- and long-term strategies for navigating research-ambivalent organizational cultures besetting embedded researchers.Learning health systems · 2023Article
- Commentary: Centering Oppression in Research Methodology Toward Developing Interventions to Address Health Inequities.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2022Article
- The effects of long-term physical activity interventions in communities: Scoping review in the Nordic countries.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2022Article
- Considerations and opportunities for multilevel HPV vaccine communication interventions.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Multi-level Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Native People in the USA and Canada: a Scoping Review.Current diabetes reports · 2021Article
- "Lessons Learned" Preventing Recurrent Ischemic Strokes through Secondary Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multilevel interventions, implemented at the individual, physician, clinic, health-care organization, and/or community level, increasingly are proposed and used in the belief that they will lead to more substantial and sustained changes in behaviors related to cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than would single-level interventions. It is important to understand how intervention components are related to patient outcomes and identify barriers to implementation. Designs that permit such assessments are uncommon, however. Thus, an important way of expanding our knowledge about multilevel interventions would be to assess the impact of interventions at different levels on patients as well as the independent and synergistic effects of influences from different levels. It also would be useful to assess the impact of interventions on outcomes at different levels. Multilevel interventions are much more expensive and complicated to implement and evaluate than are single-level interventions. Given how little evidence there is about the value of multilevel interventions, however, it is incumbent upon those arguing for this approach to do multilevel research that explicates the contributions that interventions at different levels make to the desired outcomes. Only then will we know whether multilevel interventions are better than more focused interventions and gain greater insights into the kinds of interventions that can be implemented effectively and efficiently to improve health and health care for individuals with cancer. This chapter reviews designs for assessing multilevel interventions and analytic ways of controlling for potentially confounding variables that can account for the complex structure of multilevel data.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.