Trial reportJournal of anesthesia2012
Ketofol in electroconvulsive therapy anesthesia: two stones for one bird.
Trial report in Journal of anesthesia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02267980 (Turgut Ozal Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Turgut Ozal Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different regimens of intravenous sedatives or hypnotics for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adult patients with depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Ketofol versus Dexmedetomidine for preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing intestinal obstruction surgeries: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Effects of sevoflurane or ketamine on the QTc interval during electroconvulsive therapy.Journal of anesthesia · 2015Trial
- Dexmedetomidine versus ketofol sedation for outpatient diagnostic transesophageal echocardiography: A randomized controlled study.Annals of cardiac anaesthesiaTrial
- Effect of ECT-anesthetics on reorientation time.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Perspectives in treatment-resistant depression: esketamine and electroconvulsive therapy.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Review
- Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol as an Adjunct to Ketamine for Electroconvulsive Therapy Anaesthesia.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2022Article
- Comeback of ketamine: resurfacing facts and dispelling myths.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2021Review
- Empirical ratio of the combined use of S-ketamine and propofol in electroconvulsive therapy and its impact on seizure quality.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine Alleviates Electroconvulsive Shock-Induced Learning Impairment by Inhibiting Autophagy.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- BDNF and the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine and Propofol in Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Preliminary Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Effects of ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorder: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.General psychiatry · 2020Article
- A review of ketamine's role in ECT and non-ECT settings.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Review
- Intraoperative optical mapping of epileptogenic cortices during non-ictal periods in pediatric patients.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2016Article
- Impact of the anesthetic agents ketamine, etomidate, thiopental, and propofol on seizure parameters and seizure quality in electroconvulsive therapy: a retrospective study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2014Article
- Is ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) an appropriate alternative induction agent for electroconvulsive therapy?Saudi journal of anaesthesia · 2013Article
- A comparative study of propofol, thiopentone sodium, and ketofol as induction agents for electro convulsive therapy.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacologyArticle
- Intravenous ketamine, propofol and propofol-ketamine combination used for pediatric dental sedation: A randomized clinical study.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
- Ketamine: Current applications in anesthesia, pain, and critical care.Anesthesia, essays and researchesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePropofol and ketamine have become progressively popular in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) anesthesia, although propofol shortened seizure duration and ketamine might cause cardiotoxicity, psychotic episodes, and delayed recovery. Ketofol is a combination of ketamine and propofol, and the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of ketamine, propofol, and ketofol on hemodynamic profile, duration of seizure activity, and recovery times in patients undergoing ECT.
methodsNinety patients (44 women, mean age 27.8 ± 7.2 years) in one ECT session were enrolled and randomized to the propofol, ketamine, or ketofol group. Hemodynamic profile duration of seizure activity and recovery times were recorded.
resultsMotor seizure duration in the propofol group was significantly decreased compared to other groups (p < 0.001), whereas spontaneous breathing time in the ketamine group statistically increased compared to the propofol group (p = 0.001), and also eye-opening time (p < 0.001) and obeying-command time (p < 0.001) was significantly increased in the ketamine group compared to other groups. Heart rate (HR) at induction (ketamine 91.2 ± 13.6 vs. propofol 77 ± 13.4 and ketofol 79.9 ± 15.6; p < 0.013; p < 0.08, respectively) was statistically significantly increased in the ketamine group compared to other groups, and HR at the third minute (ketamine 92 ± 12.9 vs. propofol 79.4 ± 9.3 and ketofol 81.5 ± 14.2; p < 0.012, p < 0.048) was also statistically significantly increased in ketamine group compared to other groups.
conclusionThe ketofol 1:1 mixture is associated with longer mean seizure time than propofol, and shorter mean recovery times than ketamine, with better hemodynamic stability, without any important side effects in ECT anesthesia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.