Trial reportPsychopharmacology2012
Pharmacodynamic profile of tramadol in humans: influence of naltrexone pretreatment.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Laboratory Evidence for the Abuse Potential of Tramadol in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- The Pharmacogenetics of Tramadol.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2015Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of intramuscular and intranasal naloxone: an explorative study in healthy volunteers.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Trial
- A cytochrome P450 phenotyping cocktail causing unexpected adverse reactions in female volunteers.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Efficacy of extended-release tramadol for treatment of prescription opioid withdrawal: a two-phase randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Trial
- Miotic and subject-rated effects of therapeutic doses of tapentadol, tramadol, and hydromorphone in occasional opioid users.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Abuse liability and reinforcing efficacy of oral tramadol in humans.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Trial
- Tramadol for treatment of neurogenic cough: a retrospective case series.The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2026Article
- Does Tramadol Exposure Have Unfavorable Effects on Hippocampus? A Review Study.Addiction & health · 2024Review
- Management of Sedation and Analgesia in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Long-Acting Naltrexone Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2020Article
- Pharmacodynamics and arteriovenous difference of intravenous naloxone in healthy volunteers exposed to remifentanil.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- µ-Opioid receptor activation by tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1).Journal of anesthesia · 2015Article
- Mu opioid mediated discriminative-stimulus effects of tramadol: an individual subjects analysis.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleTramadol is a prescription analgesic that activates mu opioid and monoamine receptor systems. Tramadol is thought to have limited abuse potential compared to mu opioid agonists, but laboratory data indicate that it shares some of their pharmacodynamic effects.
objectivesThis study evaluated the effect of mu opioid receptor blockade with naltrexone on the pharmacodynamic action of tramadol in humans.
methodsThis inpatient, double-blind, randomized, within-subject study examined the effects of oral placebo, tramadol (87.5, 175, and 350 mg), and hydromorphone (4 and 16 mg; positive control) after 1 h pretreatment with oral naltrexone (0 and 50 mg). Ten recreational opioid users completed the study. Pharmacodynamic effects were measured before and for 7 h after initial drug administration.
resultsLower doses of tramadol and hydromorphone were generally placebo-like. Hydromorphone (16 mg) produced prototypic mu opioid agonist-like effects that were blocked by naltrexone. Tramadol (350 mg) produced miosis and increased ratings of "Good Effects" and "Liking" but also increased ratings of "Bad Effects." Naltrexone reversed tramadol-induced physiological effects and mydriasis emerged, but unlike results with hydromorphone, naltrexone only partially attenuated tramadol's positive subjective effects and actually enhanced several unpleasant subjective ratings.
conclusionsNaltrexone can be used to disentangle the mixed neuropharmacological actions of tramadol. High-dose tramadol produces a mixed profile of effects. These data suggest that both mu and non-mu opioid actions play a role in tramadol's subjective profile of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.