ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2012
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification assay.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Screening for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea in primary health care: systematic reviews on effectiveness and patient preferences.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Guideline
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- Diagnosis and Management of Trichomonas vaginalis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Clinical performance of the Solana® Point-of-Care Trichomonas Assay from clinician-collected vaginal swabs and urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic women.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2017Trial
- Trends in prevalence ofSexually transmitted infections · 2026Article
- Multidose Metronidazole Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis More Effective Than Single-Dose Treatment in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Interferon-epsilon, an estrogen-induced type I interferon, is uniquely exploited by Neisseria gonorrhoeae via effects on sialic acid metabolism.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women Presenting with Vaginal Discharge at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eritrea.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis: comparison of primers for implementation as an in-house PCR in rural Vellore, South India.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Vaginitis and risk of sexually transmitted infections: results of a multi-center U.S. clinical study using STI nucleic acid amplification testing.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Detection ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Persistent Trichomonas vaginalis infections and the pseudocyst form.Trends in parasitology · 2023Review
- Disparities in adherence to retesting guidelines in women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- Trichomoniasis.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2023Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Our aim was to determine Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence using the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay (ATV; Gen-Probe) and the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae coinfections in U.S. women undergoing screening for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae. Discarded urogenital samples from 7,593 women (18 to 89 years old) undergoing C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae screening using the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Gen-Probe) in various clinical settings were tested with ATV. Overall, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae prevalences were 8.7%, 6.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. T. vaginalis was more prevalent than C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae in all age groups except the 18- to 19-year-old group. The highest T. vaginalis prevalence was in women ≥ 40 years old (>11%), while the highest C. trachomatis prevalence (9.2%) and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence (2.2%) were in women <30 years old. Coinfection prevalences were 1.3% for C. trachomatis/T. vaginalis, 0.61% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae and N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis, and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis and highest in women <30 years old. T. vaginalis prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in black women (20.2%). T. vaginalis prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family planning clinics to 22.3% in jails. Multivariate analysis determined that ages of ≥ 40 years, black race, and patient locations were significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. T. vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women of >40 years, while C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence is lowest in that age group. Higher T. vaginalis prevalence in women of >40 years is probably attributed to the reason for testing, i.e., symptomatic status versus routine screening in younger women. Coinfections were relatively low. High T. vaginalis prevalence in all age groups suggests that women screened for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae, whether asymptomatic or symptomatic, should be screened for T. vaginalis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.