ArticleBiomacromolecules2012
Effect of size, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers on their skin penetration.
Article in Biomacromolecules, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Soluble bacterial lipopeptides suppress gasdermin D-associated IL-33 release in keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development of a hybrid micelle--hydrogel system for topical delivery of doxorubicin to skin cancer cells.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- From Structure to Function: The Promise of PAMAM Dendrimers in Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Assessing Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Cornification Models of Artificial Skin Using Non-Invasive Impedance Spectroscopy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Crisaborole-Enthused Glycerosomal Gel for an Augmented Skin Permeation.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2024Article
- Microneedle-Assisted Transfersomes as a Transdermal Delivery System for Aspirin.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Applications and recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Article
- Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Mixed Polymeric Micelles for Rapamycin Skin Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Nanocarriers for Skin Applications: Where Do We Stand?Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Review
- Advanced nanocarrier- and microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery strategies for skin diseases treatment.Theranostics · 2022Review
- Recent Progress in Transdermal Nanocarriers and Their Surface Modifications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Dermal delivery and follicular targeting of adapalene using PAMAM dendrimers.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Article
- Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Textile Materials Modified with Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier for Skin Topical and Transdermal Delivery.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Topical Nanodelivery of Vismodegib Enhances Its Skin Penetration and PerformancePharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Molecular Modelling Guided Modulation of Molecular Shape and Charge for Design of Smart Self-Assembled Polymeric Drug Transporters.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Nanomaterial-Enabled Sensors and Therapeutic Platforms for Reactive Organophosphates.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The barrier functions of the stratum corneum and the epidermal layers present a tremendous challenge in achieving effective transdermal delivery of drug molecules. Although a few reports have shown that poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are effective skin-penetration enhancers, little is known regarding the fundamental mechanisms behind the dendrimer-skin interactions. In this Article, we have performed a systematic study to better elucidate how dendrimers interact with skin layers depending on their size and surface groups. Franz diffusion cells and confocal microscopy were employed to observe dendrimer interactions with full-thickness porcine skin samples. We have found that smaller PAMAM dendrimers (generation 2 (G2)) penetrate the skin layers more efficiently than the larger ones (G4). We have also found that G2 PAMAM dendrimers that are surface-modified by either acetylation or carboxylation exhibit increased skin permeation and likely diffuse through an extracellular pathway. In contrast, amine-terminated dendrimers show enhanced cell internalization and skin retention but reduced skin permeation. In addition, conjugation of oleic acid to G2 dendrimers increases their 1-octanol/PBS partition coefficient, resulting in increased skin absorption and retention. Here we report that size, surface charge, and hydrophobicity directly dictate the permeation route and efficiency of dendrimer translocation across the skin layers, providing a design guideline for engineering PAMAM dendrimers as a potential transdermal delivery vector.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.