ArticleBMJ open2012
Trends in cardiovascular disease biomarkers and their socioeconomic patterning among adults in the Scottish population 1995 to 2009: cross-sectional surveys.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular risk management by practice nurses in primary care.BMC public health · 2013Trial
- Occupational characteristics and epigenetic aging among older adults in the United States.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Aging on the Job? The Association Between Occupational Characteristics and Accelerated Biological Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Dietary and modifiable factors contributing to hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia prevalence in nationwide time series data and the implications for primary prevention strategies.Nutrition research and practice · 2020Article
- Incorporating biomarkers into the study of socio-economic status and health among older adults in China.SSM - population health · 2017Article
- Adiposity has differing associations with incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Scottish population: cross-sectional surveys with follow-up.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2013Article
- Are social inequalities widening in generalised and abdominal obesity and overweight among English adults?PloS one · 2013Article
- Cardiovascular screening in general practice in a low SES area.BMC family practice · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine secular and socioeconomic changes in biological cardiovascular disease risk factor and biomarker prevalences in the Scottish population. This could contribute to an understanding of why the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland has recently stalled along with persistence of associated socioeconomic inequalities.
designCross-sectional surveys.
settingScotland.
participantsScottish Health Surveys: 1995, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2009 (6190, 6656, 5497, 4202 and 4964 respondents, respectively, aged 25-64 years). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender-stratified, age-standardised prevalences of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood concentration as well as elevated fibrinogen and C reactive protein concentrations according to education and social class groupings. Inequalities were assessed using the slope index of inequality, and time trends were assessed using linear regression.
resultsThe prevalence of obesity, including central obesity, increased between 1995 and 2009 among men and women, irrespective of socioeconomic position. In 2009, the prevalence of obesity (defined by body mass index) was 29.8% (95% CI 27.9% to 31.7%) for men and 28.2% (26.3% to 30.2%) for women. The proportion of individuals with hypertension remained relatively unchanged between 1995 and 2008/2009, while the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia declined in men from 79.6% (78.1% to 81.1%) to 63.8% (59.9% to 67.8%) and in women from 74.1% (72.6% to 75.7%) to 66.3% (62.6% to 70.0%). Socioeconomic inequalities persisted over time among men and women for most of the biomarkers and were particularly striking for the anthropometric measures when stratified by education.
conclusionsIf there are to be further declines in coronary heart disease mortality and reduction in associated inequalities, then there needs to be a favourable step change in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. This may require radical population-wide interventions.
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