ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
Elevated blood lead levels and sources of exposure in the population of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reference intervals for cd, hg, Mn and Pb in the general children population (3-14 years) of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between June 2019 and June 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Chronic early-life lead exposure sensitizes adolescent rats to cocaine: Role of the dopaminergic system.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- High Lead Exposure Associated With Higher Blood Pressure in Haiti: a Warning Sign for Low-Income Countries.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
- Exposure and health risk assessment from consumption of Pb contaminated water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Trend in blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults 2005-2017.PloS one · 2021Observational
- Blood Lead Levels in Women of Child-Bearing Age in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
- Lead exposure and early child neurodevelopment among children 12-24 months in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2016Article
- Preeclampsia and toxic metals: a case-control study in Kinshasa, DR Congo.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2016Article
- Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure Among Children in Cairo, Egypt: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Medicine · 2016Observational
- Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Effects of lead exposure on the status of platelet indices in workers involved in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2014Article
- Blood lead levels in children after phase-out of leaded gasoline in Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2013Article
- High human exposure to pyrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) in Kinshasa, a capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine blood lead levels (BLLs) and the possible sources of exposure in the population of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from January to May 2008 in a representative sample of the Kinshasan population. BLL was measured in 275 individuals (53.4% women) aged 1-70 years in the urban area of Kinshasa and from 60 additional subjects in the rural area. Pb was also determined in environmental specimens (air and soil, indoor and outdoor). BLL in the study population ranged from 2.9 to 49.3 μg/dl (median, 9.9 μg/dl). The median BLL among children aged <6 years was 11.5 μg/dl (range: 3.0-37.8 μg/dl). Of these children, 71% had elevated BLL (≥10 μg/dl) and 22% had BLL ≥20 μg/dl. The proportion of elevated BLL (≥10 μg/dl) was higher for children aged <3 years than for children aged 3 to 5 years (97% vs 56%). A higher prevalence of elevated BLL was observed in urban compared with rural children (71% vs 20%). Significantly higher BLLs were also found in children whose mother consumed fired clay during pregnancy. Residential informal activities in the recycling of car batteries also contributed to elevated BLL in children. The elevated background of Pb exposure in the Kinshasan population indicates a public health issue that requires corrective actions. Pb-contaminated dust and air in children's home is an issue of public health concern. The use of leaded gasoline and the activities of car battery recycling in certain residences appear to constitute the main sources of exposure in the city of Kinshasa. The traditional use of fired clay for the treatment of gastritis by pregnant women is another significant contributor for elevated BLL in children.
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