Trial reportObstetrics and gynecology2012
Continuous compared with cyclic oral contraceptives for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Continuous Administration of a Monophasic Oral Contraceptive in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea
Effectiveness of Non-invasive Neuromodulation in Primary Dysmenhorrea: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of Low-Dose Estrogen-Progestins and Progestins in Japanese Women with Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Advances in therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Comparative evaluation of low-level light therapy and ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel combined oral contraceptive for clinical efficacy and regulation of serum biochemical parameters in primary dysmenorrhoea: a prospective randomised multicentre trial.Lasers in medical science · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Sildenafil citrate in the treatment of pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2013Trial
- Association between the use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of systemic hypertension: A systematic review with statistical comparison between randomized clinical trial interventions.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Review
- Quantifying the Impact of Dysmenorrhea Symptoms on Quality-of-Life and Access to Oral Contraceptives by Income.Health psychology research · 2023Article
- Disease Burden of Dysmenorrhea: Impact on Life Course Potential.International journal of women's health · 2023Review
- Efficacy of Ginger in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Cureus · 2021Article
- Stool frequency and form and gastrointestinal symptoms differ by day of the menstrual cycle in healthy adult women taking oral contraceptives: a prospective observational study.BMC women's health · 2020Observational
- Continuous vs. cyclic combined hormonal contraceptives for treatment of dysmenorrhea: a systematic review.Contraception: X · 2019Article
- Comparative, open-label prospective study on the quality of life and sexual function of women affected by endometriosis-associated pelvic pain on 2 mg dienogest/30 µg ethinyl estradiol continuous or 21/7 regimen oral contraceptive.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2016Article
- Extended regimen combined oral contraception: A review of evolving concepts and acceptance by women and clinicians.The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception · 2016Review
- Effects of wheat germ extract on the severity and systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2014Article
- [Chronic pelvic pain in women].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate whether continuous oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) will result in more pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea patients than cyclic OCPs, which induce withdrawal bleeding with associated pain and symptoms.
methodsWe conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing continuous to a cyclic 21-7 OCP regimen (gestodene 0.075 mg and ethinyl estradiol 20 microgram) for 6 months in 38 primary dysmenorrhea patients. The primary outcome was the difference in subjective perception of pain as measured by the visual analog scale over a period of 6 months.
resultsTwenty-nine patients completed the study. In both groups, pain reduction measured by visual analog scale declined over time and was significant at 6 months compared with baseline, with no difference between groups. Continuous regimen was superior to cyclic regimen after 1 month (mean difference -27.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] -40.5 to -14.2; P<.001) and 3 months (mean difference -17.8, 95% CI -33.4 to -2.1; P=.03) of treatment. Secondary outcomes noted no difference between groups in terms of menstrual distress as measured by the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. After 6 months, there was an increase in weight and a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the continuous group compared with the cyclic group.
conclusionBoth regimens of OCPs are effective in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Continuous OCPs outperform cyclic OCPs in the short term, but this difference is lost after 6 months. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00517556. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.