ReviewGlia2013
Molecular imaging of microglia/macrophages in the brain.
Review in Glia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positron Emission Tomography Studies of the Glial Cell Marker Translocator Protein in Patients With Psychosis: A Meta-analysis Using Individual Participant Data.Biological psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Microglia express Tie2 in a longitudinal imaging study of acute neural injury in mice.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- Perimenopausal depression: Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Glia as a New Target for Therapeutic Actions of Electroconvulsive Therapy.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Quantification of neuroinflammation in spinal cord and neuroforamina of patients with painful cervical radiculopathy using [Frontiers in nuclear medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Global research trends on the links between NfL and neurological disorders: A bibliometric analysis and review.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Investigating the structural network underlying brain-immune interactions using combined histopathology and neuroimaging: a critical review for its relevance in acute and long COVID-19.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- The mitochondrial protein TSPO in Alzheimer's disease: relation to the severity of AD pathology and the neuroinflammatory environment.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Evaluation ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- In vivo Imaging of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors: Functional and Structural Alterations in Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia by PET and MRI.Molecular imaging and biology · 2022Article
- FKBP51 mediates resilience to inflammation-induced anxiety through regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 expression in mouse hippocampus.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Longitudinal [Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Beyond Antoni: A Surgeon's Guide to the Vestibular Schwannoma Microenvironment.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2022Review
- Immune modulation after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Analysis of Parainflammation in Chronic Glaucoma Using Vitreous-OCT Imaging.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Surface translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) localization on immune cells upon stimulation with LPS and in ART-treated HIVJournal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroinflammation perpetuates neuronal damage in many neurological disorders. Activation of resident microglia and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages contributes to neuronal injury and synaptic damage. Noninvasive imaging of these cells in vivo provides a means to monitor progression of disease as well as assess efficacies of potential therapeutics. This review provides an overview of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of microglia/macrophages in the brain. We describe the rationale behind PET imaging of microglia/macrophages with ligands that bind to translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO). We discuss the prototype TSPO radioligand [(11)C]PK11195, its limitations, and the development of newer TSPO ligands as PET imaging agents. PET imaging agents for targets other than TSPO are emerging, and we outline the potential of these agents for imaging brain microglia/macrophage activity in vivo. Finally, we briefly summarize advances in MR imaging of microglia/macrophages using iron oxide nanoparticles and ultra-small super paramagnetic particles that are phagocytosed. Despite many technical advances, more sensitive agents are required to be useful indicators of neuroinflammation in brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.