Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2012
Reduced-calorie dietary weight loss, exercise, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of exercise interventions on breast cancer-related endogenous hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Testosterone Concentration in Individuals Who are Obese or Have Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Different Exercises Combined with Different Dietary Interventions on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions Provided by Dietitians for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Practice Guideline.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Guideline
- Effects of Combined Interventions of Exercise and Diet or Exercise and Supplementation on Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Neighborhood walkability and sex steroid hormone levels in women.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Acceptability of predictive testing for ischemic heart disease in those with a family history and the impact of results on behavioural intention and behaviour change: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exercise attenuates bone mineral density loss during diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sport and health science · 2021Pooled it
- Comparing the reporting and conduct quality of exercise and pharmacological randomised controlled trials: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Obesity With Survival Outcomes in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of exercise and/or reduced calorie dietary interventions on breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Pooled it
- The effects of weight loss approaches on bone mineral density in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on inflammatory markers, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in breast cancer patients.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Trial
- Weight loss reduces circulating micro-RNA related to obesity and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Epigenetics · 2022Trial
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEstrogens and androgens are elevated in obesity and associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but the effect of weight loss on these biomarkers is unknown. We evaluated the individual and combined effects of a reduced-calorie weight loss diet and exercise on serum sex hormones in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe conducted a single-blind, 12-month, randomized controlled trial from 2005 to 2009. Participants (age 50 to 75 years; body mass index > 25.0 kg/m(2), exercising < 100 minutes/wk) were randomly assigned using a computer-generated sequence to (1) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118), (2) moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117), (3) combined reduced-calorie weight loss diet and moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("diet + exercise"; n = 117), or (4) control (n = 87). Outcomes were estrone concentration (primary) and estradiol, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (secondary).
resultsMean age and body mass index were 58 years and 30.9 kg/m(2), respectively. Compared with controls, estrone decreased 9.6% (P = .001) with diet, 5.5% (P = .01) with exercise, and 11.1% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Estradiol decreased 16.2% (P < .001) with diet, 4.9% (P = .10) with exercise, and 20.3% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. SHBG increased 22.4% (P < .001) with diet and 25.8% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free estradiol decreased 21.4% (P < .001) with diet and 26.0% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free testosterone decreased 10.0% (P < .001) with diet and 15.6% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Greater weight loss produced stronger effects on estrogens and SHBG.
conclusionWeight loss significantly lowered serum estrogens and free testosterone, supporting weight loss for risk reduction through lowering exposure to breast cancer biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.