ArticleBlood2012
Epitope targeting and viral inoculum are determinants of Nef-mediated immune evasion of HIV-1 from cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Article in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoinformatic Prediction of HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp120 and Nef Epitopes Conjugated to HBsAg-Binding Protein (SBP) to Induce the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic and immunoinformatic approach for characterizing HIV-1 pol, vpr, and Nef genes and designing a multi-epitope vaccine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In silico designing of novel epitope-based peptide vaccines against HIV-1.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Effective Suppression of HIV-1 Replication by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for Pol Epitopes in Conserved Mosaic Vaccine Immunogens.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- CD8Retrovirology · 2018Article
- In Silico Design and Immunologic Evaluation of HIV-1 p24-Nef Fusion Protein to Approach a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate.Current HIV research · 2018Article
- HIV-1 epitopes presented by MHC class I types associated with superior immune containment of viremia have highly constrained fitness landscapes.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Consequences of HLA-B*13-Associated Escape Mutations on HIV-1 Replication and Nef Function.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- CD8+ TCR Bias and Immunodominance in HIV-1 Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- A human immune data-informed vaccine concept elicits strong and broad T-cell specificities associated with HIV-1 control in mice and macaques.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
- Challenges and Opportunities for T-Cell-Mediated Strategies to Eliminate HIV Reservoirs.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- HIV-1 gag cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes vary in presentation kinetics relative to HLA class I downregulation.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Early antigen presentation of protective HIV-1 KF11Gag and KK10Gag epitopes from incoming viral particles facilitates rapid recognition of infected cells by specific CD8+ T cells.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- HIV and HLA class I: an evolving relationship.Immunity · 2012Review
- Review
- Functional avidity: a measure to predict the efficacy of effector T cells?Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The impact of HIV-1 Nef-mediated HLA-I down-regulation on CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) varies by epitope, but the determining factors have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the impact of Nef on the antiviral efficiency of HIV-1-specific CTLs targeting 17 different epitopes to define properties that determine susceptibility to Nef. The impact of Nef was not correlated with the presenting HLA-I type or functional avidity of CTLs, but instead was related directly to the kinetics of infected cell clearance. Whereas Gag-specific CTLs generally were less susceptible to Nef than those targeting other proteins, this was determined by the ability to eliminate infected cells before de novo synthesis of viral proteins, which was also observed for CTLs targeting a Nef epitope. This very early clearance of infected cells depended on virus inoculum, and the required inoculum varied by epitope. These results suggest that whereas Gag-specific CTLs are more likely to recognize infected cells before Nef-mediated HLA-I down-regulation, this varies depending on the specific epitope and virus inoculum. Reduced susceptibility to Nef therefore may contribute to the overall association of Gag-specific CTL responses to better immune control if a sufficient multiplicity of infection is attained in vivo, but this property is not unique to Gag.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.