Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22612200›Full record

SynthesisJournal of abnormal psychology2012

Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes.

Erik G Willcutt, Joel T Nigg, Bruce F Pennington, Mary V Solanto, Luis A Rohde, Rosemary Tannock, Sandra K Loo, Caryn L Carlson, Keith McBurnett, Benjamin B Lahey

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of abnormal psychology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 411 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
411citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

411 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Article
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  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Investigating the Shared and Divergent Neuroanatomical Features of Attentional Deficits in Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

351 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Erik G WillcuttDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. eric.willcutt@colorado.edu
Joel T Nigg
Bruce F Pennington
Mary V Solanto
Luis A Rohde
Rosemary Tannock
Sandra K Loo
Caryn L Carlson
Keith McBurnett
Benjamin B Lahey

Funding

VALIDITY OF SUBTYPES OF ADHDP50HD027802 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI ERIK G WILLCUTT · 1990 to 2026
$44.9M
Proj 5: Early Development (224-250)P50MH079485 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI O'REILLY, RANDALL CHARLES · 2008 to 2012
$8.7M
Neural Substrates of Executive Function: An fMRI Twin StudyR01MH063207 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P. · 2001 to 2018
$6.5M
Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development (supplement)R01HD038526 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI OLSON, RICHARD K · 2000 to 2010
$4.2M
VALIDITY OF DSM-N SUBTYPES OF ADHD FOR YOUNG CHILDRENR01MH053554 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI LAHEY, BENJAMIN B · 1995 to 2009
$4.2M
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND FAMILIAL MARKERS FOR CHILD ADHDR01MH059105 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI NIGG, JOEL T · 1999 to 2012
$3.3M
BASIC DIMENSIONS OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPATHOLOGYR01MH059111 · NIMH · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI LAHEY, BENJAMIN B · 2000 to 2004
$3.0M
Etiology and Neuropsychology of Math, Reading, ADHD, and their CovariationR01HD068728 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A., WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2011 to 2015
$3.0M
Etiology of Reading Disabilities and Comorbid ADHDR01HD047264 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2005 to 2009
$2.7M
Multilevel Analysis of Self-regulation and Substance AbuseR01DA024002 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI ITO, TIFFANY A · 2009 to 2013
$2.6M
Validity of DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes in a Community SampleR01MH063941 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2001 to 2005
$1.7M
Brain Mapping and Genetics of Executive Function in ADHDR01MH070037 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI BANICH, MARIE T · 2004 to 2008
$1.6M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD027802NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD 27802NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD038526NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD047264NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068728NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD 38526NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD 47264NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024002NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 24002NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH079485NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH 79485NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH053554NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059105NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059111NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH062120NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063207NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063941NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070037NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH53554NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59105NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59111NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 63207NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 63941NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 70037PHS HHS R01 62120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) specify two dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms that are used to define three nominal subtypes: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-H), predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), and combined type (ADHD-C). To aid decision making for DSM-5 and other future diagnostic systems, a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis of 546 studies was completed to evaluate the validity of the DSM-IV model of ADHD. Results indicated that DSM-IV criteria identify individuals with significant and persistent impairment in social, academic, occupational, and adaptive functioning when intelligence, demographic factors, and concurrent psychopathology are controlled. Available data overwhelmingly support the concurrent, predictive, and discriminant validity of the distinction between inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, and indicate that nearly all differences among the nominal subtypes are consistent with the relative levels of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms that define the subtypes. In contrast, the DSM-IV subtype model is compromised by weak evidence for the validity of ADHD-H after first grade, minimal support for the distinction between ADHD-I and ADHD-C in studies of etiological influences, academic and cognitive functioning, and treatment response, and the marked longitudinal instability of all three subtypes. Overall, we conclude that the DSM-IV ADHD subtypes provide a convenient clinical shorthand to describe the functional and behavioral correlates of current levels of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, but do not identify discrete subgroups with sufficient long-term stability to justify the classification of distinct forms of the disorder. Empirical support is stronger for an alternative model that would replace the subtypes with dimensional modifiers that reflect the number of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms at the time of assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAttentionAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCognitionFemaleHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID22612200
PMCPMC3622557

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.