Awareness of do-not-resuscitate orders: what do patients know and want?

objectiveTo assess outpatient understanding of and previous experiences with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders and to gauge patient preferences with respect to DNR discussions.

designCross-sectional, self-administered survey.

settingFour urban primary care physician offices in Vancouver, BC.

participantsA total of 429 consecutive patients 40 years of age and older presenting for routine primary care between March and May 2009.

main outcome measuresAwareness of, knowledge about, and experiences with DNR decisions; when, where, and with whom patients wished to discuss DNR decisions; and differences in responses by sex, age, and ethnicity, assessed using χ² tests of independence.

resultsThe response rate was 90%, with 386 of 429 patients completing the surveys. Most (84%) respondents had heard of the terms do not resuscitate or DNR. Eighty-six percent chose family physicians as among the people they most preferred to discuss DNR decisions with; 56% believed that initial DNR discussions should occur while they were healthy; and 46% thought the discussion should take place in the office setting. Of those who were previously aware of DNR orders, 70% had contemplated DNR for their own care, with those older than 60 years more likely to have done so (P = .02); however, only 8% of respondents who were aware of DNR orders had ever discussed the subject with a health care provider. Few patients (16%) found this topic stressful.

conclusionMost respondents were well informed about the meaning of DNR, thought DNR discussions should take place when patients were still healthy, preferred to discuss DNR decisions with family physicians, and did not consider the topic stressful. Yet few respondents reported having had a conversation about DNR decisions with any health care provider. Disparity between patient preferences and experiences suggests that family physicians can and should initiate DNR discussions with younger and healthier patients.