ArticleJournal of bacteriology2012
Comparative genomic analyses of 17 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis provide evidence of multiple genetically isolated clades consistent with subspeciation into genovars.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative proteomics reveal striking differences in biofilm formation and virulence potential ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiome associate with spontaneous preterm birth: a focus on stability and specific taxa in a Chinese cohort.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Multiomic analysis reveals that polyamines alter G. vaginalis-induced cervicovaginal epithelial cell dysfunction.Research square · 2026Article
- A syntenic pangenome of Gardnerella reveals novel plasmids and phage, taxonomic boundaries, and species-level stratification of metabolic and virulence potential.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Differential Host Gene Expression Associated with Non-Research square · 2026Article
- Further dissection ofInternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2026Article
- Strain-level heterogeneity in Gardnerella urinary tract persistence and pathogenesis in an in vivo model is consistent with comparative phylogenomic analyses.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiome and preterm birth: Composition, mechanisms and microbiota‑directed therapies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Genetic transformation ofInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Strain-level differences inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of the family-levelmBio · 2025Article
- Leveraging the microbiome to combat antibiotic resistant gynecological infections.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Metronidazole response profiles of Gardnerella species are congruent with phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Phase variable colony variants are conserved acrossmSphere · 2024Article
- Gardnerella Species and Their Association With Bacterial Vaginosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- One species, many faces: The underappreciated importance of strain diversity.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Biofilm-Forming Capacity and Drug Resistance of DifferentMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Review
- Lactobacilli and Their Probiotic Effects in the Vagina of Reproductive Age Women.Microorganisms · 2023Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with a spectrum of clinical conditions, suggesting high degrees of genetic heterogeneity among stains. Seventeen G. vaginalis isolates were subjected to a battery of comparative genomic analyses to determine their level of relatedness. For each measure, the degree of difference among the G. vaginalis strains was the highest observed among 23 pathogenic bacterial species for which at least eight genomes are available. Genome sizes ranged from 1.491 to 1.716 Mb; GC contents ranged from 41.18% to 43.40%; and the core genome, consisting of only 746 genes, makes up only 51.6% of each strain's genome on average and accounts for only 27% of the species supragenome. Neighbor-grouping analyses, using both distributed gene possession data and core gene allelic data, each identified two major sets of strains, each of which is composed of two groups. Each of the four groups has its own characteristic genome size, GC ratio, and greatly expanded core gene content, making the genomic diversity of each group within the range for other bacterial species. To test whether these 4 groups corresponded to genetically isolated clades, we inferred the phylogeny of each distributed gene that was present in at least two strains and absent in at least two strains; this analysis identified frequent homologous recombination within groups but not between groups or sets. G. vaginalis appears to include four nonrecombining groups/clades of organisms with distinct gene pools and genomic properties, which may confer distinct ecological properties. Consequently, it may be appropriate to treat these four groups as separate species.
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