Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22608567›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2012

Alcohol consumption patterns and sexual risk behavior among female sex workers in two South Indian communities.

Anisa Heravian, Raja Solomon, Gopal Krishnan, C K Vasudevan, A K Krishnan, Thomas Osmand, Maria L Ekstrand

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. Substance Use, Mental Health, HIV Testing, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the State of Maharashtra, India.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anisa HeravianUniversity of California, San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
Raja Solomon
Gopal Krishnan
C K Vasudevan
A K Krishnan
Thomas Osmand
Maria L Ekstrand

Funding

Context & Correlates of Health Behaviors in South IndiaR01AA015298 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EKSTRAND, MARIA L. · 2006 to 2010
$2.0M
NIAAA NIH HHS 5R01AA015298NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA015298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHIV transmission in India is primarily heterosexual and there is a concentrated HIV epidemic among female sex workers (FSWs). Earlier reports demonstrate that many FSWs consume alcohol regularly before sexual encounters. This qualitative study is part of a larger quantitative study designed to assess alcohol consumption patterns among female sex workers and their association with sexual risk taking. Here we investigate the environmental influence, reasons for and consequences of consuming alcohol in the FSW population.

methodsTrained staff from two Non-Governmental Organizations in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala conducted semi-structured interviews with 63 FSWs in Chirala, Andhra Pradesh (n = 35) and Calicut, Kerala (n = 28) following extensive formative research, including social mapping and key informant interviews, to assess drinking patterns and sexual risk behaviors.

resultsFSWs reported consuming alcohol in multiple contexts: sexual, social, mental health and self-medication. Alcohol consumption during sexual encounters with clients was usually forced, but some women drank voluntarily. Social drinking took place in public locations such as bars and in private locations including deserted buildings, roads and inside autorickshaws (motorcycle taxis). Consequences of alcohol consumption included failure to use condoms and to collect payments from clients, violence, legal problems, gastrointestinal side effects, economic loss and interference with family responsibilities.

conclusionFSWs consume alcohol in multilevel contexts. Alcohol consumption during transactional sex is often forced and can lead to failure to use condoms. Social drinkers consume alcohol with other trusted FSWs for entertainment and to help cope with psychosocial stressors. There are multiple reasons for and consequences of alcohol consumption in this population and future interventions should target each specific aspect of alcohol use.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultAlcohol DrinkingFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansIndiaMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSelf MedicationSex WorkSex WorkersSocial BehaviorSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID22608567
PMCPMC3454864

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.