Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22608084›Full record

ArticleCell2012

Mutational processes molding the genomes of 21 breast cancers.

Serena Nik-Zainal, Ludmil B Alexandrov, David C Wedge, Peter Van Loo, Christopher D Greenman, Keiran Raine, David Jones, Jonathan Hinton, John Marshall, Lucy A Stebbings and 44 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04873427 (In Situ Clonal Heterogeneity in Prostatic Diagnostic Biopsies), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,211 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,211citing papers in PubMed
54.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04873427 terminatednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

In Situ Clonal Heterogeneity in Prostatic Diagnostic Biopsies: Impact on Prostate Cancer Evolution and Clinical Outcome. A Retrospective, Proof of Concept Study

TypeobservationalSponsorClinica Luganese MoncuccoRan2021 to 2023Enrolled40ConditionsProstate Cancer, Genetic PredispositionArmsclonal heterogeneity evaluation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,211 citing papers in PubMed, 1,984 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. HRDetect in Tubo-ovarian Carcinoma: Stratification and Therapeutic Implications.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
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1,151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

54 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.

Serena Nik-ZainalCancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Ludmil B Alexandrov
David C Wedge
Peter Van Loo
Christopher D Greenman
Keiran Raine
David Jones
Jonathan Hinton
John Marshall
Lucy A Stebbings
Andrew Menzies
Sancha Martin
Kenric Leung
Lina Chen
Catherine Leroy
Manasa Ramakrishna
Richard Rance
King Wai Lau
Laura J Mudie
Ignacio Varela
David J McBride
Graham R Bignell
Susanna L Cooke
Adam Shlien
John Gamble
Ian Whitmore
Mark Maddison
Patrick S Tarpey
Helen R Davies
Elli Papaemmanuil
Philip J Stephens
Stuart McLaren
Adam P Butler
Jon W Teague
Göran Jönsson
Judy E Garber
Daniel Silver
Penelope Miron
Aquila Fatima
Sandrine Boyault
Anita Langerød
Andrew Tutt
John W M Martens
Samuel A J R Aparicio
Åke Borg
Anne Vincent Salomon
Gilles Thomas
Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
Andrea L Richardson
Michael S Neuberger
P Andrew Futreal
Peter J Campbell
Michael R Stratton
Breast Cancer Working Group of the International Cancer Genome Consortium
Wellcome Sanger Institute · GBDana-Farber Cancer Institute · USCentre Léon Bérard · FRLund University · SEOslo University Hospital · NOBrigham and Women's Hospital · USErasmus MC · NLInserm · FRKing's College London · GBMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology · GBUniversity of British Columbia · CAUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of East Anglia · GB

Funding

Variation in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Breast Cancer RiskP50CA089393 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE · PI HARRIS, LYNDSAY NORINE · 2000 to 2009
$28.8M
Department of HealthMedical Research Council MC_U105178806NCI NIH HHS CA089393NCI NIH HHS P50 CA089393Wellcome Trust 088340Wellcome Trust 098051Wellcome Trust WT088340MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

All cancers carry somatic mutations. The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been exposed. To explore these mechanisms further, we generated catalogs of somatic mutation from 21 breast cancers and applied mathematical methods to extract mutational signatures of the underlying processes. Multiple distinct single- and double-nucleotide substitution signatures were discernible. Cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibited a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions. Complex relationships between somatic mutation prevalence and transcription were detected. A remarkable phenomenon of localized hypermutation, termed "kataegis," was observed. Regions of kataegis differed between cancers but usually colocalized with somatic rearrangements. Base substitutions in these regions were almost exclusively of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. The mechanisms underlying most of these mutational signatures are unknown. However, a role for the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases is proposed.

Indexed as

DNA Mutational AnalysisGenome-Wide Association StudyMutationAPOBEC-1 DeaminaseBRCA2 ProteinBreast NeoplasmsCytidine DeaminaseFemaleGenes, BRCA1High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansAPOBEC-1 DeaminaseAPOBEC1 protein, humanBRCA2 ProteinCytidine Deaminase

Identifiers

PMID22608084
PMCPMC3414841
OpenAlexW2129136620

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.