ArticleCell host & microbe2012
A widespread bacterial type VI secretion effector superfamily identified using a heuristic approach.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 307 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional diversity of accessory factors of the type VI secretion system.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- The M91 metallopeptidase domain of the T6SS effector protein SED_RS06335 encoded in Salmonella Dublin SPI-19 exhibits antibacterial activity.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide In Silico Analysis of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) Within the Morganella Genus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Type VI Secretion Systems inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Type VI-secretion system-mediated competition and virulence in clinical and environmentalMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The type VI secretion system and associated effector proteins.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Systematic identification of Salmonella T6SS effectors uncovers diverse new families and lipid-targeting activities.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- The SPI-20 and SPI-21 T6SS gene clusters fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of type VI secretion systems in fruit fly-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The SPI-6 T6SS gene cluster fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to type VI secretion system attacks.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A nonenzymatic effector disruptsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A broad-spectrum anti-fungal effector dictates bacterial-fungal interkingdom interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Integrative Genomics and Metabolomics Analyses Provide New Insights into the Molecular Basis of Plant Growth Promotion byMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genomic profiling and experimental validation of type VI secretion system-associated proteins in Klebsiella.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Pseudomonads coordinate innate defense against viruses and bacteria with a single regulatory system.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Deciphering theJournal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- LXG Toxins of Bacillus Velezensis Mediate Contact-Dependent Inhibition in a T7SS-Dependent Manner to Enhance Rhizosphere Adaptability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- A new class of type VI secretion system effectors can carry two toxic domains and are recognized through the WHIX motif for export.PLoS biology · 2025Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sophisticated mechanisms are employed to facilitate information exchange between interfacing bacteria. A type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to deliver cell wall-targeting effectors to neighboring cells. However, the generality of bacteriolytic effectors and, moreover, of antibacterial T6S remained unknown. Using parameters derived from experimentally validated bacterial T6SS effectors we identified a phylogenetically disperse superfamily of T6SS-associated peptidoglycan-degrading effectors. The effectors separate into four families composed of peptidoglycan amidase enzymes of differing specificities. Effectors strictly co-occur with cognate immunity proteins, indicating that self-intoxication is a general property of antibacterial T6SSs and effector delivery by the system exerts a strong selective pressure in nature. The presence of antibacterial effectors in a plethora of organisms, including many that inhabit or infect polymicrobial niches in the human body, suggests that the system could mediate interbacterial interactions of both environmental and clinical significance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.