ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2012
Influenza viral infections among the Iranian Hajj pilgrims returning to Shiraz, Fars province, Iran.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Determination of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genetic Variation of Human Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Strain Isolated From Deceased Patients in Shiraz, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Differences in Hajj-Acquired Airborne Infections in Pilgrims Arriving from Low and Middle-Income versus High-Income Countries: A Systematised Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- A Systematic Review of Influenza Epidemiology and Surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African Region.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- A Mathematical Modeling Study: Assessing Impact of Mismatch Between Influenza Vaccine Strains and Circulating Strains in Hajj.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Tracking Australian Hajj Pilgrims' Health Behavior before, during and after Hajj, and the Effective Use of Preventive Measures in Reducing Hajj-Related Illness: A Cohort Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Hajj 2019 Vaccine Requirements and Possible New Challenges.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture.Archives of virology · 2019Review
- MERS-CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Uptake of Recommended Vaccines and Its Associated Factors Among Malaysian Pilgrims During Hajj and Umrah 2018.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Mandatory meningococcal vaccine, and other recommended immunisations: Uptake, barriers, and facilitators among health care workers and trainees at Hajj.World journal of clinical cases · 2018Article
- Clinical management of respiratory syndrome in patients hospitalized for suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the Paris area from 2013 to 2016.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Influenza vaccination among Saudi Hajj pilgrims: Revealing the uptake and vaccination barriers.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Trends in surveillance data of influenza virus in Tehran before decreasing dispatch of Iranian Hajj pilgrims to Mecca.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2018Article
- Expected immunizations and health protection for Hajj and Umrah 2018 -An overview.Travel medicine and infectious disease · 2017Review
- Multiple Sources of Genetic Diversity of Influenza A Viruses during the Hajj.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- The spectrum of respiratory pathogens among returning Hajj pilgrims: myths and reality.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2016Article
- Mismatching between circulating strains and vaccine strains of influenza: Effect on Hajj pilgrims from both hemispheres.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Vaccination in Hajj: An Overview of the Recent Findings.International journal of preventive medicine · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnnually over two million Muslims from across the world converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. Overcrowding at the Hajj facilitates spread of communicable diseases, especially respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to determine the attack rate of seasonal and pandemic influenza among returning Iranian pilgrims after the 2009 Hajj.
methodsClinical data and throat swabs were collected at Shiraz airport from symptomatic Iranian pilgrims of Fars province who were returning from the Hajj between 15 and 21 December 2009. The specimens were tested at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Influenza Research Center for influenza viruses by cell culture and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTrtPCR) according to standard protocol.
findingsOut of 3000 pilgrims from Fars province who attended the Hajj 2009, 275 symptomatic pilgrims were recruited into this study. Pilgrims had fever, cough, muscle ache and sore throat in various combinations. Twenty-five (9.1%) pilgrims had influenza by virus culture and these were as follows: influenza B (n=17), influenza A H3N2 (n=8) and pandemic H1N1 (n=5), whereas 33 (12%) had influenza by RTrtPCR: influenza B (n=20), influenza A H3N2 (n=8) and pandemic H1N1 (n=5).
interpretationBoth seasonal and pandemic influenza infections occurred among the Iranian Hajj pilgrims; seasonal viruses were more common than the pandemic viruses even though all pilgrims were vaccinated against seasonal influenza.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.