SynthesisArthritis and rheumatism2012
Use of serum procalcitonin to detect bacterial infection in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Procalcitonin and presepsin for detecting bacterial infection and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy of neutrophil CD64 expression in diagnosing infection in patients with autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Pooled it
- A meta-analysis to assess usefulness of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic usage for decision making.The Indian journal of medical research · 2017Pooled it
- Differentiating Clostridium difficile Colitis from Clostridium difficile Colonization in Ulcerative Colitis: A Role for Procalcitonin.Digestion · 2017Trial
- The accuracy of point-of-care C-Reactive Protein as a screening test for tuberculosis in children.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Procalcitonin and Other Tools in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Sepsis in Children.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Review
- C-reactive protein clustering to clarify persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome.Intensive care medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Utility of neutrophil CD64 and serum TREM-1 in distinguishing bacterial infection from disease flare in SLE and ANCA-associated vasculitis.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Article
- The use of procalcitonin in the determination of severity of sepsis, patient outcomes and infection characteristics.PloS one · 2018Article
- Comparison of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in distinguishing concurrent bacterial infection from idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.Rheumatology international · 2017Article
- Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion with Tamponade: A Rare Adverse Effect of Infliximab-Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in rheumatology · 2016Article
- Article
- Utility of blood procalcitonin concentration in the management of cancer patients with infections.OncoTargets and therapy · 2016Review
- Salivary and serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers of periodontitis in United States veterans with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission · 2016Article
- The utility of initial procalcitonin and procalcitonin clearance for prediction of bacterial infection and outcome in critically ill patients with autoimmune diseases: a prospective observational study.BMC anesthesiology · 2015Observational
- Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) to Differentiate Between Disease Activity, Infection and Drug Hypersensitivity.The open rheumatology journal · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review evidence of the accuracy of the procalcitonin test for diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with autoimmune disease.
methodsThe major databases Medline, EMBase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between January 1966 and October 2011 that evaluated procalcitonin, alone or in comparison with other laboratory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infection in patients with autoimmune disease and provided sufficient data to permit construction of 2 × 2 tables.
resultsNine studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve values were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.88-0.93) for procalcitonin and 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.84) for CRP. In general, testing for procalcitonin was highly specific for identifying infectious complications, although it was not as sensitive as testing for CRP. Pooled sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI 0.63-0.84) for procalcitonin tests and 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.85) for CRP tests. Pooled specificity was 0.90 (95% CI 0.85-0.93) for procalcitonin tests and 0.56 (95% CI 0.25-0.83) for CRP tests. The positive likelihood ratio for procalcitonin (7.28 [95% CI 5.10-10.38]) was sufficiently high to qualify procalcitonin testing as a rule-in diagnostic tool, while the negative likelihood ratio (0.28 [95% CI 0.18-0.40]) was not sufficiently low to qualify procalcitonin testing as a reliable rule-out diagnostic tool.
conclusionProcalcitonin has higher diagnostic value than CRP for the detection of bacterial sepsis in patients with autoimmune disease, and the test for procalcitonin is more specific than sensitive. A procalcitonin test is not recommended to be used in isolation as a rule-out tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.