ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2012
Racial/Ethnic disparities in ART adherence in the United States: findings from the MACH14 study.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03331978 (A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle- and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Pooled it
- Predictors and correlates of adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for chronic HIV infection: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Rise, A Community-Based Culturally Congruent Counseling Intervention to Support Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Black/African American Adults Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Personal Approach to Treatment Choices for HIV (PATCH): Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Motivational Enhancement Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Persons with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2020Trial
- HIV/AIDS health services in Manaus, Brazil: patient perception of quality and its influence on adherence to antiretroviral treatment.BMC health services research · 2019Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rise, a Community-Based Culturally Congruent Adherence Intervention for Black Americans Living with HIV.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2017Trial
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Antiretroviral Adherence Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2017Trial
- Correlates of Adherence to Varenicline Among HIV+ Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- ACT2 peer-driven intervention increases enrollment into HIV/AIDS medical studies among African Americans/Blacks and Hispanics: A cluster randomized controlled trial.AIDS and behavior · 2014Trial
- Untangling Discrimination: The Impact of Internalizing Oppression on HIV Treatment Engagement Among Young Black Sexual Minority Men in the Southern US.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Factors associated with placement along the HIV prevention and care continuum among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine.AIDS care · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of ART Adherence among Black Adults with HIV.Research square · 2025Article
- Non-Adherence Rate to Oral Mesalamine in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Barriers to Medication Adherence in People Living With Epilepsy.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.Psychology, health & medicine · 2025Article
- Cultural persistence and the 'herbal medicine paradox': Evidence from European data.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries with HIV.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Observational
- An exploratory study of community violence and HIV care engagement among Black gay and bisexual men.AIDS care · 2024Article
- An Integrated mHealth App for Smoking Cessation in Black Smokers With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMinority race/ethnicity is generally associated with antiretroviral therapy nonadherence in US-based studies. Limitations of the existing literature include small samples, subjective adherence measures, and inadequate control for potential confounders such as mental health and substance use, which have been consistently associated with poorer adherence.
methodsIndividual-level data were pooled from 13 US-based studies employing electronic drug monitoring to assess adherence. Adherence was operationalized as percent of prescribed doses taken from the first 12 (monthly) waves of data in each study. Depression symptoms were aggregated from several widely used assessments, and substance use was operationalized as any use of cocaine/stimulants, heroin/opiates, ecstasy, hallucinogens, or sedatives in the 30-365 days preceding baseline.
resultsThe final analytic sample of 1809 participants ranged in age from 18 to 72 years and was 67% male. Participants were 53% African American, 14% Latino, and 34% White. In a logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, income, education, and site, race/ethnicity was significantly associated with adherence (P < 0.001) and persisted in a model that also controlled for depression and substance use (P < 0.001), with African Americans having significantly lower adherence than Latinos [odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, P = 0.04] and whites (OR = 0.60, P < 0.001). Adherence did not differ between whites and Latinos (OR = 0.84, P = 0.27).
conclusionsRacial/ethnic differences in demographics, depression, and substance abuse do not explain the lower level of antiretroviral therapy adherence in African Americans observed in our sample. Further research is needed to explain the persistent disparity and might examine factors such as mistrust of providers, health literacy, and inequities in the health care system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.