ReviewSeminars in oncology2012
Strategies to use immune modulators in therapeutic vaccines against cancer.
Review in Seminars in oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant-Derived Immunomodulatory Nanoadjuvants for Cancer Vaccines: Current Status and Future Opportunities.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Role of Biofunctionalized Nanoparticles in Digestive Cancer Vaccine Development.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Enhancing proteasomal processing improves survival for a peptide vaccine used to treat glioblastoma.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- The "Great Debate" at Immunotherapy Bridge 2020, December 3rd, 2020.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Dual blockade of CXCL12-CXCR4 and PD-1-PD-L1 pathways prolongs survival of ovarian tumor-bearing mice by prevention of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Strategies for developing and optimizing cancer vaccines.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Checkpoint inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma: current landscape and future directions.Immunotherapy · 2016Review
- Dendritic cell-based autologous tumor vaccines for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Head & neck · 2016Article
- Therapeutic properties of a vector carrying the HSV thymidine kinase and GM-CSF genes and delivered as a complex with a cationic copolymer.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
- Experimental studies of a vaccine formulation of recombinant human VEGF antigen with aluminum phosphate.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Toll-like receptor 9 agonist enhances anti-tumor immunity and inhibits tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells numbers in a mouse cervical cancer model following recombinant lipoprotein therapy.Molecular cancer · 2014Article
- Article
- Implementing combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens against cancer: The concept of immunological conditioning.Oncoimmunology · 2014Review
- Carbon nanotubes as vaccine scaffolds.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2013Review
- Cancer vaccines: 21st century approaches to harnessing an ancient modality to fight cancer.Expert review of vaccines · 2013Article
- The rationale of vectored gene-fusion vaccines against cancer: evolving strategies and latest evidence.Therapeutic advances in vaccines · 2013Article
- Identification and enhancement of HLA-A2.1-restricted CTL epitopes in a new human cancer antigen-POTE.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancers so much resemble self that they prove difficult for the immune system to eliminate, and those that have already escaped natural immunosurveillance have gotten past the natural immune barriers to malignancy. A successful therapeutic cancer vaccine must overcome these escape mechanisms. Our laboratory has focused on a multistep "push-pull" approach in which we combine strategies to overcome each of the mechanisms of escape. If tumor epitopes are insufficiently immunogenic, we increase their immunogenicity by epitope enhancement, improving their binding affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. If the anti-tumor response is too weak or of the wrong phenotype, we use cytokines, costimulatory molecules, Toll-like receptor ligands, and other molecular adjuvants to increase not only the quantity of the response but also its quality, to push the response in the right direction. Finally, the tumor invokes multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms to defend itself, so we need to overcome those as well, including blocking or depleting regulatory cells or inhibiting regulatory molecules, to pull the response by removing the brakes. Some of these strategies individually have now been translated into human clinical trials in cancer patients. Combinations of these in a push-pull approach are promising for the successful immunotherapy of cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.