ArticleThe British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology2013
Multilevel mediation analysis: The effects of omitted variables in the 1-1-1 model.
Article in The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-cognitive skills mediate education-related polygenic score associations with academic achievement across development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gene-environment correlation: the role of family environment in academic development.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- From genetic disposition to academic achievement: The mediating role of non-cognitive skills across development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mediation of the association between social environmental characteristics of family childcare home and weight status in children by diet quality.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Affective Response During Real-World Physical Activity as an Intervention Mediator.Exercise and sport sciences reviews · 2023Article
- Longitudinal relationships between sub-clinical depression, sub-clinical eating disorders and health-related quality of life in early adolescence.The International journal of eating disorders · 2023Article
- Is the mediating effect of psychosocial stress on the income-health relationship moderated by income inequality?SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Multilevel mediation analysis on time-to-event outcomes: Exploring racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in California.Research methods in medicine & health sciences · 2021Article
- Feeling Gratitude and Depletion: The Ambivalent Consequences of Receiving Help in the Workplace.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sensitivity Analysis in Nonrandomized Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Put you down versus tune you out: Further understanding active and passive e-mail incivility.Journal of occupational health psychology · 2020Article
- Improved inference in mediation analysis: Introducing the model-based constrained optimization procedure.Psychological methods · 2020Article
- Article
- Momentary precipitants connecting stress and smoking lapse during a quit attempt.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019Article
- Sensitivity Analysis of the No-Omitted Confounder Assumption in Latent Growth Curve Mediation Models.Structural equation modeling : a multidisciplinary journal · 2019Article
- Commentary: Tobacco smoking and asthma: multigenerational effects, epigenetics and multilevel causal mediation analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Does exercise aid smoking cessation through reductions in anxiety sensitivity and dysphoria?Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2018Article
- Causal mediation analysis for longitudinal data with exogenous exposure.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multilevel mediation analysis examines the indirect effect of an independent variable on an outcome achieved by targeting and changing an intervening variable in clustered data. We study analytically and through simulation the effects of an omitted variable at level 2 on a 1-1-1 mediation model for a randomized experiment conducted within clusters in which the treatment, mediator, and outcome are all measured at level 1. When the residuals in the equations for the mediator and the outcome variables are fully orthogonal, the two methods of calculating the indirect effect (ab, c - c') are equivalent at the between- and within-cluster levels. Omitting a variable at level 2 changes the interpretation of the indirect effect and will induce correlations between the random intercepts or random slopes. The equality of within-cluster ab and c - c' no longer holds. Correlation between random slopes implies that the within-cluster indirect effect is conditional, interpretable at the grand mean level of the omitted variable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.