ArticleFrontiers in immunology2012
The immune response to sand fly salivary proteins and its influence on leishmania immunity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- How Effective Are the Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Vaccines Currently Being Tested in Dogs? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Parasite immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the effect of immunization with DNA encoding Phlebotomus sergenti apyrase protein (PsSP42) against Leishmania tropica infection in BALB/c mouse model.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Acquired tick resistance inInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Insights into garlic (Allium Sativum)'s nutrigenomics-associated fly-repellent potency in cattle.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Review
- Gene deletion as a possible strategy adopted by New World Leishmania infantum to maximize geographic dispersion.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs orchestrating host and vector-borne protozoan interactions: bridging immune modulation and cross-species communication.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Understanding the genetic complexity of Leishmania infantum in the Americas: a focus on 3'NT/NU gene deletion.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Review
- Expression ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Salivary antigens rPagSP02 and rPagSP06 are a reliable composite biomarker for evaluating exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- rPagSP02+rPagSP06 recombinant salivary antigen is a reliable biomarker for evaluating exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka.Research square · 2024Article
- An integrated bioinformatic analysis of microarray datasets to identify biomarkers and miRNA-based regulatory networks in leishmaniasis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mosquito Salivary Proteins and Arbovirus Infection: From Viral Enhancers to Potential Targets for Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structural analysis of PpSP15 and PsSP9 sand fly salivary proteins designed with a self-cleavable linker as a live vaccine candidate against cutaneous leishmaniasis.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Sand flies: Basic information on the vectors of leishmaniasis and their interactions with Leishmania parasites.Communications biology · 2022Review
- Healed Lesions of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused ByFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Editorial: Hematophagous arthropod saliva: a multifunctional tool.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Some Good and Some Bad: Sand Fly Salivary Proteins in the Control of Leishmaniasis and in Autoimmunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- The human immune response to saliva of Phlebotomus alexandri, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Iraq, and its relationship to sand fly exposure and infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by bites of phlebotomine sand flies. During Leishmania transmission, sand fly saliva is co-inoculated with parasites into the skin of the mammalian host. Sand fly saliva consists of roughly thirty different salivary proteins, many with known roles linked to blood feeding facilitation. Apart from the anti-hemostatic capacity of saliva, several sand fly salivary proteins have been shown to be immunogenic. Immunization with a single salivary protein or exposure to uninfected bites was shown to result in a protective immune response against leishmaniasis. Antibodies to saliva were not required for this protection. A strong body of evidence points to the role for saliva-specific T cells producing IFN-γ in the form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction at the bite site as the main protective response. Herein, we review the immunity to sand fly salivary proteins in the context of its vector-parasite-host combinations and their vaccine potential, as well as some recent advances to shed light on the mechanism of how an immune response to sand fly saliva protects against leishmaniasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.