ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2012
A model for the evolution of the mammalian t-cell receptor α/δ and μ loci based on evidence from the duckbill Platypus.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tutorial: annotation of animal genomes.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Annotation and comparative analysis of T cell receptor germline genes reveal lineage-specific patterns in pinnipeds.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of the T-cell receptor loci inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A family of olfactory receptors uniquely expanded in marsupial and monotreme genomes are expressed by a T cell subset also unique to marsupials and monotremes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2024Article
- Squamate reptiles may have compensated for the lack of γδTCR with a duplication of the TRB locus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Macroevolution of avian T cell receptor C segments using genomic data.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Comparative genomics of the T cell receptor μ locus in marsupials and monotremes.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Best genome sequencing strategies for annotation of complex immune gene families in wildlife.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Comparison of Reptilian Genomes Reveals Deletions Associated with the Natural Loss of γδ T Cells in Squamates.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Molecular and cellular characterization of European sea bass CD3εCell and tissue research · 2021Article
- Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- TR Locus Annotation and Characteristics ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Ancient Use of Ig Variable Domains Contributes Significantly to the TCRδ Repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- γδ T cells are the predominant T cell type in opossum mammaries during lactation.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2019Article
- Divergent Evolution of TRC Genes in Mammalian Niche Adaptation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- T cell clonality assessment: past, present and future.Journal of clinical pathology · 2018Review
- A comprehensive analysis of the germline and expressed TCR repertoire in White Peking duck.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genomic organization of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) T cell receptor alpha/delta locus and analysis of expressed products.Immunogenetics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The specific recognition of antigen by T cells is critical to the generation of adaptive immune responses in vertebrates. T cells recognize antigen using a somatically diversified T-cell receptor (TCR). All jawed vertebrates use four TCR chains called α, β, γ, and δ, which are expressed as either a αβ or γδ heterodimer. Nonplacental mammals (monotremes and marsupials) are unusual in that their genomes encode a fifth TCR chain, called TCRµ, whose function is not known but is also somatically diversified like the conventional chains. The origins of TCRµ are also unclear, although it appears distantly related to TCRδ. Recent analysis of avian and amphibian genomes has provided insight into a model for understanding the evolution of the TCRδ genes in tetrapods that was not evident from humans, mice, or other commonly studied placental (eutherian) mammals. An analysis of the genes encoding the TCRδ chains in the duckbill platypus revealed the presence of a highly divergent variable (V) gene, indistinguishable from immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain V genes (VH) and related to V genes used in TCRµ. They are expressed as part of TCRδ repertoire (VHδ) and similar to what has been found in frogs and birds. This, however, is the first time a VHδ has been found in a mammal and provides a critical link in reconstructing the evolutionary history of TCRµ. The current structure of TCRδ and TCRµ genes in tetrapods suggests ancient and possibly recurring translocations of gene segments between the IgH and TCRδ genes, as well as translocations of TCRδ genes out of the TCRα/δ locus early in mammals, creating the TCRµ locus.
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