ArticlePLoS pathogens2012
Vitamin D inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages through the induction of autophagy.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and risk of incident tuberculosis disease: A nested case-control study, systematic review, and individual-participant data meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis in hospitalised HIV infected patients in a low income tropical setting: a cross sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2018Trial
- Vitamin A and D Deficiencies Associated With Incident Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Multinational Case-Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Single high-dose vitamin D at birth corrects vitamin D deficiency in infants in Mexico.International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2015Trial
- Autophagy induction by histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibits HIV type 1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Trial
- Relationship of vitamin D insufficiency to AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma outcomes: retrospective analysis of a prospective clinical trial in Zimbabwe.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2014Trial
- CD40 ligand and interferon-γ induce an antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes.Immunology · 2013Trial
- Vitamin D induces interleukin-1β expression: paracrine macrophage epithelial signaling controls M. tuberculosis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Toll-like receptor 8 ligands activate a vitamin D mediated autophagic response that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- Exploring the impact of nutrition and autophagy on infectious diseases to inform the development of homeostatic-nanomedicines for HIV-TB coinfections.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Literature Review on HIV-Viruses · 2026Review
- The Modulatory Role of Vitamin D in the Molecular Mechanisms of Sepsis and Infections with Focus on Viral Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses.Autophagy reports · 2025Article
- An alveolus lung-on-a-chip model of Mycobacterium fortuitum lung infection.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- An alveolus lung-on-a-chip model ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effect of urolithin A on intracellular survival ofmSphere · 2025Article
- Human antimicrobial/host defense peptide LL-37 may prevent the spread of a local infection through multiple mechanisms: an update.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Low vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infected persons are associated with more rapid disease progression and increased risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We have previously shown that 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D3), the active form of vitamin D, inhibits HIV replication in human macrophages through the induction of autophagy. In this study, we report that physiological concentrations of 1,25D3 induce the production of the human cathelicidin microbial peptide (CAMP) and autophagic flux in HIV and M. tuberculosis co-infected human macrophages which inhibits mycobacterial growth and the replication of HIV. Using RNA interference for Beclin-1 and the autophagy-related 5 homologue, combined with the chemical inhibitors of autophagic flux, bafilomycin A₁, an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and subsequent acidification, and SID 26681509 an inhibitor of the lysosome hydrolase cathepsin L, we show that the 1,25D3-mediated inhibition of HIV replication and mycobacterial growth during single infection or dual infection is dependent not only upon the induction of autophagy, but also through phagosomal maturation. Moreover, through the use of RNA interference for CAMP, we demonstrate that cathelicidin is essential for the 1,25D3 induced autophagic flux and inhibition of HIV replication and mycobacterial growth. The present findings provide a biological explanation for the benefits and importance of vitamin D sufficiency in HIV and M. tuberculosis-infected persons, and provide new insights into novel approaches to prevent and treat HIV infection and related opportunistic infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.