ArticleCognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience2012
Interactions between deliberation and delay-discounting in rats.
Article in Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- A novel rat spatial inference task reveals rapid deduction of transitive relationships using schemas and deliberation.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Female rats adopt a safety-first strategy in a high-conflict platform mediated avoidance task.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prefrontal Default Mode Network Interactions with Posterior Hippocampus during Exploration.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- A Novel Rat Spatial Inference Task Reveals Rapid Deduction of Transitive Relationships Using Schemas and Deliberation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hippocampal-Prefrontal Communication Subspaces Align with Behavioral and Network Patterns in a Spatial Memory Task.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Individual differences in decision-making shape how mesolimbic dopamine regulates choice confidence and change-of-mind.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Choice Behaviors and Prefrontal-Hippocampal Coupling Are Disrupted in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Rhythmic modulation of dorsal hippocampus across distinct behavioral timescales during spatial set-shifting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mental Time Travel: A Retrospective.Hippocampus · 2025Review
- Environmental complexity modulates information processing and the balance between decision-making systems.Neuron · 2024Article
- Impulsive Choices Emerge When the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Fails to Encode Deliberative Strategies.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Deliberative Behaviors and Prefrontal-Hippocampal Coupling are Disrupted in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Flexible decision-making is related to strategy learning, vicarious trial and error, and medial prefrontal rhythms during spatial set-shifting.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- An Improved Dyna-Q Algorithm Inspired by the Forward Prediction Mechanism in the Rat Brain for Mobile Robot Path Planning.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pausing and reorienting behaviors enhance the performance of a spatial working memory task.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Optogenetic disruption of the prelimbic cortex alters long-term decision strategy but not valuation on a spatial delay discounting task.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2023Article
- Humans account for cognitive costs when finding shortcuts: An information-theoretic analysis of navigation.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- The ventral midline thalamus coordinates prefrontal-hippocampal neural synchrony during vicarious trial and error.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Computational validity: using computation to translate behaviours across species.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
When faced with decisions, rats sometimes pause and look back and forth between possible alternatives, a phenomenon termed vicarious trial and error (VTE). When it was first observed in the 1930s, VTE was theorized to be a mechanism for exploration. Later theories suggested that VTE aided the resolution of sensory or neuroeconomic conflict. In contrast, recent neurophysiological data suggest that VTE reflects a dynamic search and evaluation process. These theories make unique predictions about the timing of VTE on behavioral tasks. We tested these theories of VTE on a T-maze with return rails, where rats were given a choice between a smaller reward available after one delay or a larger reward available after an adjustable delay. Rats showed three clear phases of behavior on this task: investigation, characterized by discovery of task parameters; titration, characterized by iterative adjustment of the delay to a preferred interval; and exploitation, characterized by alternation to hold the delay at the preferred interval. We found that VTE events occurred during adjustment laps more often than during alternation laps. Results were incompatible with theories of VTE as an exploratory behavior, as reflecting sensory conflict, or as a simple neuroeconomic valuation process. Instead, our results were most consistent with VTE as reflecting a search process during deliberative decision making. This pattern of VTE that we observed is reminiscent of current navigational theories proposing a transition from a deliberative to a habitual decision-making mechanism.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.