ArticleFrontiers in neurology2012
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 511 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Modified Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia in Stress Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of THC-Free CBD Oil on Agitation in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
The Effect of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Apathy, Loneliness, Anxiety and Activities of Daily Living in Elderly Individuals Diagnosed With Alzheimer's
Stories in the Moment: Dance Program for People Living With Dementia
Who cites it
511 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions targeting cognition and related clinical outcomes in vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Person-centered non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: a meta-analysis with subgroup analysis by behavioral subtypes.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Natural Products in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Exergaming on the Depressive Symptoms of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Activity and Behavioral Recognition Using Sensing Technology in Persons with Parkinson's Disease or Dementia: An Umbrella Review of the Literature.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Behavioural and psychological symptoms of people with dementia in acute hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Structural Neuroimaging Correlates of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating neuropathological correlates of hyperactive and psychotic symptoms in dementia: a systematic review.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Pooled it
- Are mind-body therapies beneficial for older people with dementia? A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia associated with vascular impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Psychosis detection in dementia: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy studies.Frontiers in dementia · 2024Pooled it
- Researched Apps Used in Dementia Care for People Living With Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers: Systematic Review on App Features, Security, and Usability.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of quantitative studies exploring staff views on antipsychotic use in residents with dementia in care homes.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of innovative living and care arrangements for persons with dementia: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Immersion Process as a Nonpharmacological Intervention for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Immediate Well-Being in People Living in Nursing Homes: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia.The Gerontologist · 2026Trial
- Facial Emotion Recognition Ability May Improve in Alzheimer Disease: A Pilot Study.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2026Trial
- Brexpiprazole's impacts on patients and caregivers in agitation in Alzheimer's dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Creating harmony at home via environmental cueing: A feasibility trial of a non-pharmacological intervention for rural caregivers of persons with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Effects of deprescribing antidepressants in nursing home residents with dementia-a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC primary care · 2025Trial
451 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), also known as neuropsychiatric symptoms, represent a heterogeneous group of non-cognitive symptoms and behaviors occurring in subjects with dementia. BPSD constitute a major component of the dementia syndrome irrespective of its subtype. They are as clinically relevant as cognitive symptoms as they strongly correlate with the degree of functional and cognitive impairment. BPSD include agitation, aberrant motor behavior, anxiety, elation, irritability, depression, apathy, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations, and sleep or appetite changes. It is estimated that BPSD affect up to 90% of all dementia subjects over the course of their illness, and is independently associated with poor outcomes, including distress among patients and caregivers, long-term hospitalization, misuse of medication, and increased health care costs. Although these symptoms can be present individually it is more common that various psychopathological features co-occur simultaneously in the same patient. Thus, categorization of BPSD in clusters taking into account their natural course, prognosis, and treatment response may be useful in the clinical practice. The pathogenesis of BPSD has not been clearly delineated but it is probably the result of a complex interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors. Recent studies have emphasized the role of neurochemical, neuropathological, and genetic factors underlying the clinical manifestations of BPSD. A high degree of clinical expertise is crucial to appropriately recognize and manage the neuropsychiatric symptoms in a patient with dementia. Combination of non-pharmacological and careful use of pharmacological interventions is the recommended therapeutic for managing BPSD. Given the modest efficacy of current strategies, there is an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological targets and develop new non-pharmacological approaches to improve the adverse outcomes associated with BPSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.