ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatum enhances extinction of conditioned fear.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Invasive and Non-invasive Neurostimulation for OCD.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Pooled it
- Circuit-informed modulation of traumatic memory in PTSD: integrating extinction, suppression, and reconsolidation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- The case for hemispheric lateralization of the human amygdala in fear processing.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurostimulation to Improve Cognitive Flexibility.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2025Article
- The Emerging Role of Brain Mitochondria in Fear and Anxiety.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Data-driven and equation-free methods for neurological disorders: analysis and control of the striatum network.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation of the internal capsule in a mouse model.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Closed-loop brain stimulation augments fear extinction in male rats.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying capsulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: neural correlates of negative affect processing overlap with deep brain stimulation targets.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Causally mapping human threat extinction relevant circuits with depolarizing brain stimulation methods.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Prefrontal modulation of anxiety through a lens of noradrenergic signaling.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2023Review
- Contemporary Approaches Toward Neuromodulation of Fear Extinction and Its Underlying Neural Circuits.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Deep brain stimulation for substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Fear Extinction Learning in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Deep brain stimulation of the subgenual cingulum and uncinate fasciculus for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.Science advances · 2022Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: a psychiatric disorder requiring urgent attention.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation as a strategy to manage anxiety disorders.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Deep Brain Stimulation in Drug Addiction Treatment: Research Progress and Perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) reduces symptoms of intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but the mechanism of action is unknown. OCD is characterized by avoidance behaviors that fail to extinguish, and DBS could act, in part, by facilitating extinction of fear. We investigated this possibility by using auditory fear conditioning in rats, for which the circuits of fear extinction are well characterized. We found that DBS of the VS (the VC/VS homolog in rats) during extinction training reduced fear expression and strengthened extinction memory. Facilitation of extinction was observed for a specific zone of dorsomedial VS, just above the anterior commissure; stimulation of more ventrolateral sites in VS impaired extinction. DBS effects could not be obtained with pharmacological inactivation of either dorsomedial VS or ventrolateral VS, suggesting an extrastriatal mechanism. Accordingly, DBS of dorsomedial VS (but not ventrolateral VS) increased expression of a plasticity marker in the prelimbic and infralimbic prefrontal cortices, the orbitofrontal cortex, the amygdala central nucleus (lateral division), and intercalated cells, areas known to learn and express extinction. Facilitation of fear extinction suggests that, in accord with clinical observations, DBS could augment the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapies for OCD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.