ArticleAnnals of family medicine
Effect of a UK pay-for-performance program on ethnic disparities in diabetes outcomes: interrupted time series analysis.
Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Use of interrupted time series methods in the evaluation of health system quality improvement interventions: a methodological systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Design and effects of outcome-based payment models in healthcare: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- The role of the Quality and Outcomes Framework in the care of long-term conditions: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of UK provider financial incentives on quality of care: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Payment methods for outpatient care facilities.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of reimbursement systems on equity in access and quality of primary care: A systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2016Pooled it
- A cluster randomized trial on the effect of a multifaceted intervention improved the technical quality of diabetes care by primary care physicians: The Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial-2 (J-DOIT2).Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2016Trial
- Social determinants of heat-related mortality in England: a time-stratified case-crossover study using primary care records.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Does the implementation of an incentive scheme increase adherence to diabetes guidelines? A retrospective cohort study of managed care enrollees.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Examining the Long-term Spillover Effects of a Pay-for-Performance Program in a Healthcare System That Lacks Referral Arrangements.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Local Primary Care Incentive Scheme: A Difference-in-Differences Study.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2022Article
- The Impact of the Amendment of the Health Insurance Coverage for F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography on the Healthcare Behaviors for Breast Cancer: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of the Korean National Data From 2013 to 2018.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Ethnic differences in guideline-indicated statin initiation for people with type 2 diabetes in UK primary care, 2006-2019: A cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2021 · on this mapObservational
- Ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at time of diagnosis: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2020Article
- Disparities in glycaemic control, monitoring, and treatment of type 2 diabetes in England: A retrospective cohort analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Observational
- Pay for performance program reduces treatment needed diabetic retinopathy - a nationwide matched cohort study in Taiwan.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Pay-for-Performance: Disappointing Results or Masked Heterogeneity?Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2017Review
- The true impact of the French pay-for-performance program on physicians' benzodiazepines prescription behavior.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2016Article
- [Compliance with process indicators in people with type 2 diabetes and linking incentives in Primary Care].Atencion primaria · 2015Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe wanted to examine the long-term effects of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a major pay-for-performance program in the United Kingdom, on ethnic disparities in diabetes outcomes.
methodsWe undertook an interrupted time series analysis of electronic medical record data of diabetes patients registered with 29 family practices in South West London, United Kingdom. Main outcome measures were mean hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), total cholesterol, and blood pressure.
resultsThe introduction of QOF was associated with initial accelerated improvements in systolic blood pressure in white and black patients, but these improvements were sustained only in black patients (annual decrease: -1.68 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.41 to -0.95 mm Hg). Initial improvements in diastolic blood pressure in white patients (-1.01 mm Hg; 95% CI, -1.79 to -0.24 mm Hg) and in cholesterol in white (-0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.05 mmol/L) and black (-0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.01 mmol/L) patients were not sustained in the post-QOF period. There was no beneficial impact of QOF on HbA(1c) in any ethnic group. Existing disparities in risk factor control remained largely intact (for example; mean HbA(1c): white 7.5%, black 7.8%, south Asian 7.8%; P <.05) at the end of the study period.
conclusionA universal pay-for-performance scheme did not appear to address important disparities in chronic disease management over time. Targeted quality improvement strategies may be required to improve health care in vulnerable populations.
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