ArticleGastroenterology2012
Risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 202 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
202 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 517 citations in OpenAlex.
- AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease.Gastroenterology · 2025Guideline
- Risk of Cancer Recurrence in Patients With Immune-Mediated Diseases With Use of Immunosuppressive Therapies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Pooled it
- Development of Cancer Among Patients With Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-analysis of Population-Based Studies.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Melanoma Risk in Patients Treated With Biologic Therapy for Common Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA dermatology · 2020Pooled it
- Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017Guideline
- Cancer Recurrence Following Immune-Suppressive Therapies in Patients With Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Gastroenterology · 2016Pooled it
- Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Web-Based Video Education to Improve Uptake of Influenza Vaccination and Other Preventive Health Recommendations in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial of Project PREVENT.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Analysis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Rates From the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2022Trial
- Reinduction with Certolizumab Pegol in Patients with Crohn's Disease Experiencing Disease Exacerbation: 7-Year Data from the PRECiSE 4 Study.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2016Trial
- Withdrawal of long-term maintenance treatment with azathioprine tends to increase relapse risk in patients with Crohn's disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Trial
- IBD Nurse-Led Clinical Pathways to Optimize Patient Safety in Advanced Therapies: A Narrative Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- The impact for causal associations between common diseases and inflammatory bowel disease: a disease-wide bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Review
- Emerging mechanistic trends and clinical efficacy for methotrexate: Applications to inflammatory bowel disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Risk of extraintestinal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study of Extra-Digestive Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Individuals With and Without Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2024 for the Clinical Practice of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Intestinal Neoplasia (English Version).Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2026Review
- Comparative Efficacy of all Available Pharmaceutical Therapies for Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Gastro hep advances · 2026Review
142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for certain malignancies. We aimed to determine the risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients with IBD and how medications affect these risks.
methodsWe performed retrospective cohort and nested case-control studies using administrative data from the LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database from 1997 to 2009. The cohort comprised 108,579 patients with IBD, and each was matched to 4 individuals without IBD. The risk of melanoma and NMSC was evaluated by incidence rate ratio (IRR) and by adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) modeling. In nested case-control studies, patients with melanoma or NMSC were matched to 4 patients with IBD without melanoma or NMSC. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between medications and both skin cancers.
resultsIn the cohort, IBD was associated with an increased incidence of melanoma (IRR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.53). Risk was greatest among individuals with Crohn's disease (IRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13-1.85; adjusted HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.00-1.64). The incidence of NMSC also increased among patients with IBD (IRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.40-1.53) and was greatest among those with CD (IRR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.54-1.74). In the nested case-control studies, therapy with biologics increased the risk of melanoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.08-3.29). Patients who had been treated with thiopurines had an increased risk of NMSC (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.66-2.05).
conclusionsImmunosuppression increases the risk of melanoma and NMSC among patients with IBD. The risk of melanoma is increased by use of biologics, and the risk of NMSC is increased by use of thiopurines. Patients with IBD should be counseled and monitored for skin cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.